应急用锚调整艏向和制动

通过正反两个实例、两种结果，说明在进出港航道中突发船舶失控时为避免继发其他严重事故，船长应当机立断采取最佳行动。     

破损船体的剩余极限强度分析

基于ABS和DNv规范关于剩余强度规范要求,对船舶碰撞与搁浅的破损部位和范围的假定,考虑了发生碰撞与搁浅破损后,其船体梁剩余有效剖面的非对称性和可能发生不同程度倾斜的情况,采用结构共同规范(CSR)中的逐步破坏分析方法和船体梁非对称剖面计算模型,分别计算了散货船和油船破损船体在两种破损模式和不同倾斜情况下的剩余极限强度,并对不同破损范围的影响进行了分析和比较。研究结果为协调结构共同规范(HCSR)的制定提供了有价值的参考。     

基于碰撞试验的远端乘员保护研究

侧面碰撞是一种常见的交通事故形式,碰撞近端和远端都会出现大量的人员伤亡。以往的研究多集中于近端碰撞侧,对远端非侧碰撞侧的研究相对不足。Euro NCAP自2020年起将FARSIDE测试纳入评价范围,主要通过两个滑台试验,对远端假人伤害和侧向偏移进行评价。文章对FAR-SIDE测试的试验方法和评价标准进行解析,并通过进行滑台试验、分析试验中假人运动和伤害过程,对远端碰撞乘员保护进行了研究。     

Pragmatic regularization of element-dependent effects in finite element simulations of ductile tensile failure initiation using fine meshes

For the evaluation of the structural response in accidental scenarios like ship collisions, the simulation of tensile failure initiation is inevitable. Here, one difficulty is that the process of failure initiation is a very local process, which cannot be simulated in its details at present due to the computing effort which would be required. However, there are various approaches how the failure initiation can be simplified and simulated in finite element models of large thin-walled structures. A short overview of these approaches is given. A pragmatic approach, which is suitable for relatively small elements for the simulation of failure initiation in uniaxial to biaxial stress states, is chosen within this paper for further investigations regarding the applicability for thin-walled steel structures. Exemplary simulations with solid and, in particular, shell elements are used to demonstrate how the effects of element size and other element properties can be considered in the simulation of failure initiation. The focus is also on imperfections that are relevant in simulations with small elements. For this purpose, an indentation experiment is simulated with different imperfections.     

Analysis of structural crashworthiness of double-hull ships in collision and grounding

A conceptual design framework for collision and grounding analysis is proposed to evaluate the crashworthiness of double-hull structures. This work attempts to simplify the input parameters needed for the analysis, which can be considered as a step towards a design-oriented procedure against collision and grounding. Four typical collision and grounding scenarios are considered: (1) side structure struck by a bulbous bow, (2) side structure struck by a straight bow, (3) bottom raking, (4) bottom stranding. The analyses of these scenarios are based on statistical data of striking ship dimensions, velocities, collision angles and locations, as well as seabed shapes and sizes, grounding depth and location. The evaluation of the damage extent considers the 50- and 90-percentile values from the statistics of collision and grounding accidents. The external dynamics and internal mechanics are combined to analyse systematically the ship structural damage and energy absorption under accidental loadings.     

船舶碰撞责任的计算机辅助判析技术研究

探索船舶碰撞事故责任的计算机辅助判析技术,以弥补划分碰撞责任比例的支撑数据不充分。建立了适于裁决雾中船舶碰撞责任比例的知识体系,包括基于船舶行为以排除人为因素干扰,兼用于高速船的避让区界的新规则。提出了地自动处理任何船舶碰撞责任比例的模型。解决了船舶单项行为有无过失的定性问题及失量的计算机智能化确定问题。系统经实例试用,在合理性,快速性,经济性方面已初显优势。     

The Calculation of Collision Risk on Air-Routes Based on Variable Nominal Separation

In this paper, a new method to calculate collision risk of air-routes, based on variable nominal separation, is proposed. The collision risk model of air-routes, based on the time variable and initial time interval variable, is given. Because the distance and the collision probability vary with time when the nominal relative speed between aircraft is not zero for a fixed initial time interval, the distance, the variable nominal separation, and the collision probability at any time can be expressed as functions of time and initial time interval. By the probabilistic theory, a model for calculating collision risk is acquired based on initial time interval distribution, flow rates, and the proportion of aircraft type. From the results of calculations, the collision risk can be characterized by the model when the nominal separation changes with time. As well the roles of parameters can be shown more readily.     

侧碰试验中车门运动与假人伤害响应的相关性

根据侧碰撞试验中车门的运动特点,将车门运动的速度曲线简化为双速度平台曲线,使得车门运动对乘员伤害的影响可用接触时间、过渡段斜率及第2速度平台3个特征参数的变化完整地描述.利用MADYMO仿真软件建立了侧碰撞台车模型,研究了3个特征参数与侧碰撞假人伤害值响应的相关性.     

FLAC 3D在路堤边坡稳定性评价中的应用

本文采用FLAC 3D软件分析路堤边坡稳定性,注重模拟边坡在天然状态下坡面位移规律,并得出该边坡的稳定系数及给予评价。模拟结果表明FLAC 3D用于评价边坡稳定系数是有实际意义的。     

冰载荷下船舶螺旋桨强度的有限元分析

论文研究了冰载荷下船舶螺旋桨的强度问题。基于冰载荷经验公式和五种典型计算工况,利用有限元法进行了冰载荷下螺旋桨的强度分析。建立了一种冰/桨叶碰撞计算模型,对碰撞过程中接触力的变化及螺旋桨的动态响应进行了研究。计算结果可供螺旋桨结构设计时参考。