Modelling and simulation of transportation system effectiveness to reduce traffic congestion: a system dynamics framework

ABSTRACT

This paper is designed to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of transportation systems and reduce traffic congestion through the use of simulation models and scenario development. A system dynamics framework is used to test and evaluate the alternatives of future strategies for the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. Some factors affecting the effectiveness of transport systems include operational effectiveness and service effectiveness, as well as uncertainty. To improve the effectiveness of transportation systems, several strategies can be implemented, such as subsidizing public transportation, increasing the cost of private vehicle parking fees, raising taxes on private vehicles, and reducing delays in public transportation through scenario development. Scenario results show that, by pursuing these strategies, effectiveness could be improved by 80% as the impact of the increase in operational and service effectiveness, helping to mitigate traffic congestion. Congestion could be reduced to 70% (on average) due to the decrease in daily traffic.     

Simulation and optimization: A short review

This review discusses some issues related to the use of simulation in transportation analysis. Potential pitfalls are identified and discussed. An overview of some methods relevant to the use of an advanced simulation tool in an optimization context is also provided.     

Modelling market diffusion of electric vehicles with real world driving data – German market and policy options

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have the potential to reduce green house gas emissions from the transport sector. However, the limited electric range of PEVs could impede their market introduction. Still some potential users are willing to pay more for PEVs. The combined effect of these and other influencing factors as well as the resulting future market evolution are unclear. Here, we study the market evolution of PEVs in Germany until 2020. Our results reveal a great deal of uncertainty in the market evolution of PEVs due to external conditions and the users’ willingness to pay. We find the future share of PEVs in German passenger car stock to range from 0.4% to almost 3% by 2020. Energy prices have a large impact on PEV market evolution as a 25% increase in fuel prices would double the number of PEVs in stock by 2020 compared to a reference scenario. We find a special depreciation allowance for commercial vehicles and a subsidy of 1000 Euro as the most effective and efficient monetary policy options. The high uncertainty of the market evolution implies that policies to foster market diffusion of PEVs should be dynamically adaptable to react to changing framework conditions.     

Comparing the impact of future airline network change on emissions in India and the United States

In this paper we use simulation to analyze how flight routing network structure may change in different world regions, and how this might impact future traffic growth and emissions. We compare models of the domestic Indian and US air transportation systems, representing developing and mature air transportation systems respectively. We explicitly model passenger and airline decision-making, capturing passenger demand effects and airline operational responses, including airline network change. The models are applied to simulate air transportation system growth for networks of 49 airports in each country from 2005 to 2050. In India, the percentage of connecting passengers simulated decreases significantly (from over 40% in 2005 to under 10% in 2050), indicating that a shift in network structure towards increased point-to-point routing can be expected. In contrast, very little network change is simulated for the US airport set modeled. The simulated impact of network change on system CO₂ emissions is very small, although in the case of India it could enable a large increase in demand, and therefore a significant reduction in emissions per passenger (by nearly 25%). NO_x emissions at major hub airports are also estimated, and could initially reduce relative to a case in which network change is not simulated (by nearly 25% in the case of Mumbai in 2025). This effect, however, is significantly reduced by 2050 because of frequency competition effects. We conclude that network effects are important when estimating CO₂ emissions per passenger and local air quality effects at hub airports in developing air transportation systems.     

虚拟仿真技术在交通运输类专业实践教学中的应用

文章基于交通运输类专业实践教学的现状,分析了虚拟仿真技术应用于交通运输类专业教学的必要性,并介绍了虚拟仿真技术在交通运输类专业实训教学中的应用实例,供交通运输类专业实训教学及实训室建设参考.     

航海模拟器的液晶显示屏对比度功能仿真模拟

文章阐述了运用视窗系统平台的API函数GdiTransparentBlt和AlphaBlend实现点阵式液晶显示屏对比度功能仿真模拟方法,并以FURUNO FAX-408传真接收机模拟器显示屏对比度功能仿真模拟为例,提供了用VB语言实现过程和主要语句,具有一定的参考价值。     

XML技术在CTCS-3级仿真测试管理中的应用

仿真测试管理器是CTCS-3级仿真测试平台的重要组成部分.将XML技术应用于仿真测试管理器,实现其各仿真测试节点初始化设置、网络参数配置和信息记录3个功能,促进了仿真测试管理器的开发,优化了CTCS-3级的仿真测试过程.     

后轮对独立回转新型转向架曲线通过性能的研究

后轮对独立回转新型无摇枕转向架的曲线导向性能主要取决于其前轴的一系纵向定位刚度,而后轴的一系纵向定位刚度对导向性影响较小。因此,为了同时保证其曲线导向性和直线稳定性,对转向架一系纵向刚度可采取前后轴非对称布置。建立具有14个自由度的非线性车辆模型和车辆通过曲线轨道时的运动方程,采用MATLAB语言编写计算程序,对4种非对称布置方案的转向架曲线导向性能进行仿真对比分析。仿真分析结果表明,当刚度以车辆中心对称布置时,若外侧轮对纵向刚度小,内侧轮对纵向刚度大,则前转向架性能基本保持不变,而后转向架曲线通过性能变差,但其摇头角比前后刚度较大的方案要好;当第一、第三轮对的纵向刚度较小和第二、第四轮对的刚度较大时,转向架曲线通过性能好,且又改善了其在直线上的横向稳定性,是较适合高速运行的转向架布置方案。     

摩托车蜂窝陶瓷载体催化剂结构、性能评价与计算机辅助设计

建立了包含催化剂温度特性、空燃比特性和空速特性在内的摩托车车用排气催化剂工作性能模型,给出了载体的开口率、内部表面积、排气阻力等性能参数的计算公式,及在实际应用中对催化剂催化性能、耐久性能及失效原因的分析方法及计算机辅助设计方法。