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91.
92.
制造企业物流处于由传统配销向综合物流过渡阶段,选用何种物流经营模式需要企业根据自身状况和综合因素进行判断,正确的物流决策至关重要.本文应用构思分析法对企业物流经营进行模式构造,选取了制造类企业物流经营模式决策的三层构思变量为社会物流需求、第三方物流水平和企业物流基础,构思可行性方案集为27个,划分为第三方物流、混合物流、自营物流和产业化物流四组备选方案.提出了应用决策树方法解决单个企业的多阶段决策问题.以钢铁制造企业为例,应用风险问题决策的损益矩阵计算各构思方案的期望值.研究认为,我国钢铁企业的物流经营首选方案为混合物流模式. 相似文献
93.
针对服务经济大背景下制造业由生产型向服务型转型的问题, 研究了增值服务与服务型制造业的关系。分析了服务型汽车制造业的增值服务类型, 提出了汽车制造业增值服务的开发模型和基于增值服务的商业模式, 从业务模式、交易模式和定价模式3方面研究了陕汽集团服务型制造的商业模式。研究结果表明: 传统汽车制造企业通过整合社会资源或者发展增值服务, 可构建平台化的商业模式, 并依托产品与增值服务的组合形成整体解决方案, 为企业创造新的竞争优势, 加速传统汽车制造企业的转型。 相似文献
94.
丁江民 《大连交通大学学报》2007,28(4):26-29
将绿色制造中关于可拆卸易回收设计理论应用于数控机床产品的设计研究,建立了数控车床可拆卸易回收设计准则,依据这些准则建立了一个数控卧式车床可拆卸易回收设计模型并对该模型进行了详细分析,结果对于数控车床实现绿色设计有较大的参考价值. 相似文献
95.
This paper evaluates the impacts on energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the introduction of electric vehicles into a smart grid, as a case study. The AVL Cruise software was used to simulate two vehicles, one electric and the other engine-powered, both operating under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), in order to calculate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, fuel consumption and energy efficiency. Available carbon dioxide data from electric power generation in Brazil were used for comparison with the simulated results. In addition, scenarios of gradual introduction of electric vehicles in a taxi fleet operating with a smart grid system in Sete Lagoas city, MG, Brazil, were made to evaluate their impacts. The results demonstrate that CO2 emissions from the electric vehicle fleet can be from 10 to 26 times lower than that of the engine-powered vehicle fleet. In addition, the scenarios indicate that even with high factors of CO2 emissions from energy generation, significant reductions of annual emissions are obtained with the introduction of electric vehicles in the fleet. 相似文献
97.
The existing studies concerning the influence of weather on public transport have mainly focused on the impacts of average weather conditions on the aggregate ridership of public transit. Not much research has examined these impacts at disaggregate levels. This study aims to fill this gap by accounting for intra-day variations in weather as well as public transport ridership and investigating the effect of weather on the travel behavior of individual public transit users. We have collected smart card data for public transit and meteorological records from Shenzhen, China for the entire month of September 2014. The data allow us to establish association between the system-wide public transit ridership and weather condition on not only daily, but also hourly basis and for each metro station. In addition, with the detailed trip records of individual card holders, the travel pattern by public transit are constructed for card holders and this pattern is linked to the weather conditions he/she has experienced. Multivariate modeling approach is applied to analyze the influence of weather on public transit ridership and the travel behavior of regular transit users. Results show that some weather elements have more influence than others on public transportation. Metro stations located in urban areas are more vulnerable to outdoor weather in regard to ridership. Regular transit users are found to be rather resilient to changes in weather conditions. Findings contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between everyday weather and public transit travels and also provide valuable information for short-term scheduling in transit management. 相似文献
98.
In recent years, there has been increased interest in using completely anonymized data from smart card collection systems to better understand the behavioural habits of public transport passengers. Such an understanding can benefit urban transport planners as well as urban modelling by providing simulation models with realistic mobility patterns of transit networks. In particular, the study of temporal activities has elicited substantial interest. In this regard, a number of methods have been developed in the literature for this type of analysis, most using clustering approaches. This paper presents a two-level generative model that applies the Gaussian mixture model to regroup passengers based on their temporal habits in their public transportation usage. The strength of the proposed methodology is that it can model a continuous representation of time instead of having to employ discrete time bins. For each cluster, the approach provides typical temporal patterns that enable easy interpretation. The experiments are performed on five years of data collected by the Société de transport de l’Outaouais. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach in identifying a reduced set of passenger clusters linked to their fare types. A five-year longitudinal analysis also shows the relative stability of public transport usage. 相似文献
99.
Upward expectations of future electric vehicle (EV) growth pose the question about the future load on the electricity grid. While existing literature on EV charging demand management has focused on technical aspects and considered EV-owners as utility maximizers, this study proposes a behavioural model incorporating psychological aspects relevant to EV-owners facing charging decisions and interacting with the supplier. The behavioural model represents utility maximization under myopic loss aversion (MLA) within an ultimatum game (UG) framework where the two players are the EV-owner and the electricity supplier. Experimental economics allowed testing the validity of the behavioural model by designing three experiments where a potential EV-owner faces three decisions (i.e., to postpone EV charging to off-peak periods for a discount proposed by the supplier, the amount of discount to request for off-peak charging at times decided by the supplier, and the amount of discount to accept for supplier-controlled charging) under two contract durations (i.e., short-term, long-term). Findings from the experiments show that indeed potential EV-owners perform charging decisions while being affected by MLA resulting from monetary considerations and the UG participation, and that presenting long-term contracts help potential EV-owners to curtail MLA behaviour and minimise cost even though the assumption of utility maximization is violated. 相似文献
100.
In congested urban areas, it remains a pressing challenge to reduce unnecessary vehicle circling for parking while at the same time maximize parking space utilization. In observance of new information technologies that have become readily accessible to drivers and parking agencies, we develop a dynamic non-cooperative bi-level model (i.e. Stackelberg leader–follower game) to set parking prices in real-time for effective parking access and space utilization. The model is expected to fit into an integrated parking pricing and management system, where parking reservations and transactions are facilitated by sensing and informatics infrastructures, that ensures the availability of convenient spaces at equilibrium market prices. It is shown with numerical examples that the proposed dynamic parking pricing model has the potential to virtually eliminate vehicle circling for parking, which results in significant reduction in adverse socioeconomic externalities such as traffic congestion and emissions. 相似文献