汕头苏埃隧道方案设计关键技术研究

根据汕头苏埃隧道的建设条件,对工程方案设计中的几个技术难点进行研究,并提出解决方案。通过采用"多级分流"理念,实现隧道与北岸4条城市主干道的交通衔接;选择"抛石+排水板"方案解决海域深厚淤泥地层中的围堰设计;8度高烈度震区选择合理的抗震减震措施解决隧道结构抗震;采取双道密封垫和加大密封垫断面的防水设计,满足地震时管片接缝张开量大的防水要求;针对复杂地层,对盾构选型和配置提出建议;对海底凸起进入隧道内的硬岩进行爆破预处理,以降低盾构施工风险。     

圆形隧道施工对不同深度地层沉降影响的模型试验研究

为了预测圆形隧道施工引起地表以下不同埋深地层沉降特征,首先,通过理论推导不同地层最大沉降位移与沉降槽宽度系数的函数关系;然后,建立包括试验台架、地层模型、圆形隧道开挖模型以及测量地层变形装置的平面应变模型试验系统。通过理论解析和模型试验可知:1)地表以下地层的最大沉降位移与沉降槽宽度系数成反比;2)不同深度地层的沉降位移随着地层埋深的增加而增大,且地表以下地层沉降槽曲线仍然符合正态分布;3)通过对模型试验数据进行回归分析,得到黏土地表以下不同深度地层沉降槽宽度系数的计算公式,从而为预测圆形隧道施工地表以下不同深度地层竖向位移提供了一种可靠的计算方法。     

极高地应力软岩隧道超前导洞应力释放及多层支护变形控制技术

为了解决极高地应力软岩隧道大变形控制难题,以兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道岭脊核心段施工为例,通过现场试验和数据分析,得到如下主要结论:1)提出了"先放后抗,抗放结合,锚固加强"的变形控制理念;2)得出了该隧道岭脊核心段"超前导洞应力释放+圆形4层支护结构+径向注浆+长锚杆+长锚索"综合变形控制方案;3)超前导洞应力释放效果明显,正洞累计变形减小幅度约为34%;4)得到了圆形多层支护结构变形规律;5)累计变形均控制在设计预留变形量内,保证了该隧道岭脊核心段大变形控制效果。     

Magneto-rheological suspensions for improving ground vehicle’s ride comfort,stability, and handling

ABSTRACT

A state-of-the-art discussion on the applications of magneto-rheological (MR) suspensions for improving ride comfort, handling, and stability in ground vehicles is discussed for both road and rail applications. A historical perspective on the discovery and engineering development of MR fluids is presented, followed by some of the common methods for modelling their non-Newtonian behaviour. The common modes of the MR fluids are discussed, along with the application of the fluid in valve mode for ground vehicles’ dampers (or shock absorbers). The applications span across nearly all road vehicles, including automobiles, trains, semi-trucks, motorcycles, and even bicycles. For each type of vehicle, the results of some of the past studies is presented briefly, with reference to the originating study. It is discussed that Past experimental and modelling studies have indicated that MR suspensions provide clear advantages for ground vehicles that far surpasses the performance of passive suspension. For rail vehicles, the primary advantage is in terms of increasing the speed at which the onset of hunting occurs, whereas for road vehicles – mainly automobiles – the performance improvements are in terms of a better balance between vehicle ride, handling, and stability. To further elaborate on this point, a single-suspension model is used to develop an index-based approach for studying the compromise that is offered by vehicle suspensions, using the H₂ optimisation approach. Evaluating three indices based on the sprung-mass acceleration, suspension rattlespace, and tyre deflection, it is clearly demonstrated that MR suspensions significantly improve road vehicle’s ride comfort, stability, and handling in comparison with passive suspensions. For rail vehicles, the simulation results indicate that using MR suspensions with an on-off switching control can increase the speed at which the on-set of hunting occurs by as much as 50% to more than 300%.     

沿海公路反开挖施工中的若干问题

对软土路基的反开挖问题进行了探讨,提出了开挖时间的确定,并论述了基底承载力大小以及反开挖施工合理性问题.     

监控量测在姚村坦隧道施工险情预报中的应用

以景(德镇)婺(源)黄(山)高速公路姚村坦连拱隧道施工中出现的险情为例,结合地表沉降、洞内净空收敛及拱顶下沉进行观测及现场观察,针对隧道出口段围岩失稳导致中导洞右侧工字钢严重内敛现象进行了动态预报,从而为及时采取有效措施排除险情争取了时间,避免了重大事故的发生,以此进一步说明了监控量测在隧道修建过程中的必要性。     

105国道新丰段加铺水泥砼路面改造探讨

以105国道新丰段路面大修工程为依据,通过对旧路面的调查,分析了水泥砼路面损坏的原因,并采用了对应的处治措施。     

探讨沥青路面局部渗水的原因及处理方法

通过武汉市汉蔡高速公路沥青路面出现的局部渗水现象,分析沥青路面产生局部渗水的原因及处理的必要性,提出对沥青路面局部渗水的处理原则及处理方法。     

京珠高速公路隧道病害检测与处治对策研究

通过京珠高速公路隧道病害现场检测,对其主要病害进行了分类统计。考虑该隧道的勘察、设计、施工等因素影响,对该隧道主要病害产生原因进行了分析,在此基础上,对隧道病害等级进行了判定,并针对不同等级病害,提出了具体的处治措施。     

桁式组合拱桥病害成因与处治方法研究

介绍桁式组合拱桥的典型病害,研究该类桥梁病害的成因,建立桁式组合拱桥的有限元模型,并进行结构的静力、动力分析。结合现场检测结果的结构病害,分析桁式组合拱桥典型病害产生的根源。根据该类桥梁的病害成因,提出几种桁式组合拱桥典型病害的处治方案。最后,通过实际的桁式组合拱桥检测加固工程,验证加固效果。通过对桁式组合拱桥典型病害成因分析和处治方法研究,为该类桥梁的加固建设提供借鉴。