上海吴淞导堤——河口航道整治的成功典范

上海黄浦江吴淞导堤建造百年来,对上海港的建立和发展起到了重要作用。阐述了黄浦江吴淞导堤建造的情况,历经百年技术状况的变化及历次的修复工作。在对吴淞导堤充分肯定的基础上,强调了保持其安全稳定的必要性,并对今后工作提出了一些建议,以供类似工程借鉴。     

A dense water outflow from the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Mixing and the contribution of tides

We use hydrographic, current, and microstructure measurements, and tide-forced ocean models, to estimate benthic and interfacial mixing impacting the evolution of a bottom-trapped outflow of dense shelf water from the Drygalski Trough in the northwestern Ross Sea. During summer 2003 an energetic outflow was observed from the outer shelf ( 500 m isobath) to the  1600 m isobath on the continental slope. Outflow thickness was as great as  200 m, and mean speeds were  0.6 m s^− 1 relative to background currents exceeding  1 m s^− 1 that were primarily tidal in origin. No outflow was detected on the slope in winter 2004, although a thin layer of dense shelf water was present on the outer shelf. When the outflow was well-developed, the estimated benthic stress was of order one Pascal and the bulk Froude number over the upper slope exceeded one. Diapycnal scalar diffusivity (K_z) values in the transition region at the top of the outflow, estimated from Thorpe-scale analysis of potential density and measurements of microscale temperature gradient from sensors attached to the CTD rosette, were of order 10^− 3−10^− 2 m² s^− 1. For two cases where the upper outflow boundary was particularly sharply defined, entrainment rate w_e was estimated from K_z and bulk outflow parameters to be  10^− 3 m s^− 1 ( 100 m day^− 1). A tide-forced, three-dimensional primitive equation ocean model with Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme for diapycnal mixing yields results consistent with a significant tidal role in mixing associated with benthic stress and shear within the stratified ocean interior.     

Two-dimensional numerical simulation and experiment on strongly nonlinear wave–body interactions

A constrained interpolation profile (CIP)-based Cartesian grid method for strongly nonlinear wave–body interaction problems is presented and validated by a newly designed experiment, which is performed in a two-dimensional wave channel. In the experiment, a floating body that has a rectangular section shape is used. A superstructure is installed on the deck and a small floating-body freeboard is adopted in order to easily obtain water-on-deck phenomena. A forced oscillation test in heave and a wave–body interaction test are carried out. The numerical simulation is performed by the CIP-based Cartesian grid method, which is described in this paper. The CIP scheme is applied in the Cartesian grid-based flow solver. New improvements of the method include an interface-capturing method that applies the tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing (THINC) scheme and a virtual particle method for the floating body. The efficiency of the THINC scheme is shown by a dam-breaking computation. Numerical simulations on the experimental problem for both the forced oscillation test and the wave–body interaction test are carried out, and the results are compared to the measurements. All of the comparisons are reasonably good. It is shown, based on the numerical examples, that the present CIP-based Cartesian grid method is an accurate and efficient method for predicting strongly nonlinear wave–body interactions.     

珠江河口近期岸线演变及其原因

基于不同时段的珠江河口卫星遥感图像,结合遥感-地理信息系统(RS-GIS)集成技术定量计算分析岸线近期的冲淤变化。从海平面上升和上游来沙等自然演变条件及人类工程活动两大方面分析珠江河口岸线冲淤演变的原因。结果显示:在1976—2006年,珠江河口近岸岸线整体向海淤涨579.2 m,年均淤涨19.3 m,而外海岛屿岸线总共淤涨21.6 m,年均淤涨0.7 m,近岸岸线的淤涨速率远快于自然演变过程。自然条件变化如海平面上升,在河口岸线剧烈的变化中影响较小。20世纪90年代期间上游来沙的减少与岸线淤涨速率变快的结果并不一致。详细的对比分析说明珠江河口地区的土地围垦是其岸线剧烈变化的主要因素。     

Mechanism of Tunnel Water Inflow Caused by Bending Failure of a Waterproof Dike Based on a Circular Thin Plate Mechanical Model北大核心CSCD

Water bursts during tunnel construction endanger construction, and it is therefore necessary to reserve a waterproof dike with the required thickness to avoid water bursts and to take reinforcement of the dike and treatment of the structure liable to trigger a water burst. Using the water burst at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel of the Shanghai-Chengdu expressway as an example, and considering the type of tunnel section and the upright mudstone of the dike, the waterproof dike at the work face is simplified as a round thin plate. A formula for the calculation of a minimum safety thickness for the critical waterproof dike is deduced by analyzing the force applied on the water-proof dike, and the minimum safety thickness for the water burst section at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is cal-culated. The numerical simulation analysis demonstrates the critical thickness of waterproof dike at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is 1.4-1.55 m, and the calculated water inflow and water burst basically agree with the actual condition. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

长江口深水航道疏浚吹填一体化施工工艺

针对长江口地区近年来出现的新圈围造地工程,因条件限制或成本控制不宜设置储泥坑的情况,通过长兴潜堤工程实例,介绍长江口深水航道疏浚吹填一体化施工工艺,对工艺中的疏浚施工、艏吹抛锚定位以及吹泥施工等关键技术进行重点阐述。该工艺无需设置中转储泥坑,疏浚土一次性吹填上岸,并用于造地成陆,在长江口地区应用效果较好。     

金沙江宜宾段非恒定流过程及传播特性

金沙江、岷江的非恒定流调节过程较为复杂,在宜宾汇合后形成新的非恒定流向下游传播。通过近年实测资料,分析金沙江、岷江非恒定流特征及汇合效果。结果表明:宜宾段非恒定流特征与向家坝电站下泄非恒定流的符合度更高,岷江的非恒定流无典型过程;宜宾段水位变幅和金沙江、岷江水位变幅存在线性关系;涨幅在1.7 m左右,起调水位在1 m左右的泄水波可作为宜宾段非恒定流过程的典型代表,其在下游的传播速度沿程基本保持一致,衰减幅度随着距离的增加而减小。     

静态爆破法在深圳地铁施工中的应用

静态爆破是近年来发展起来的一种新型爆破施工技术,它可在无震动、无飞石,无噪音、无污染的条件下破碎或切割岩石或混凝土构筑物。深圳地铁2号线东延线土建工程安托山站—侨香站区间矿山法施工竖井系选用此工法在2 500 mm×3 000 mm雨水箱涵附近成功地进行了中、微风化花岗岩开挖施工,确保了雨水箱涵的安全性。     

构建西江现代物流体系 打造世界加工制造次中心

文章基于当前产业结构大调整背景,提出广西要在迎接产业转移的竞争中胜出,必须着力构建以西江水运为龙头的现代物流体系,从而把西江经济带打造成为与＂珠三角＂这一世界加工制造中心紧密联动的加工制造次中心。     

长江口深水航道南导堤上段整治建筑物损坏原因及对策

在长江口航道养护工作中,为查找南导堤上段局部整治建筑物损坏的原因,通过对现场的详细调查和对损坏区段的地形状况、水动力特征、水动力模型进行分析,得知损坏的主要原因,即在河势条件及水动力因素综合作用下,近堤边坡不断变陡,从而导致了损坏。据此编制修复设计方案,并完成修复,取得良好的效果。