Speed variation during peak and off-peak hours on urban arterials in Shanghai

Increased speed variation on urban arterials is associated with reductions in both operational performance and safety. Traffic flow, mean speed, traffic control parameters and geometric design features are known to affect speed variation. An exploratory study of the relationships among these variables could provide a foundation for improving the operational and safety performance of urban arterials, however, such a study has been hampered by problems in measuring speeds. The measurement of speed has traditionally been accomplished using spot speed collection methods such as radar, laser and loop detectors. These methods can cover only limited locations, and consequently are not able to capture speed distributions along an entire network, or even throughout any single road segment. In Shanghai, it is possible to acquire the speed distribution of any roadway segment, over any period of interest, by capturing data from Shanghai’s 50,000+ taxis equipped with Global Positional Systems (GPS). These data, hereafter called Floating Car Data, were used to calculate mean speed and speed variation on 234 road segments from eight urban arterials in downtown Shanghai. Hierarchical models with random variables were developed to account for spatial correlations among segments within each arterial and heterogeneities among arterials. Considering that traffic demand changes throughout the day, AM peak, Noon off-peak, and PM peak hours were studied separately. Results showed that increases in number of lanes and number of access points, the presence of bus stops and increases in mean speed were all associated with increased speed variation, and that increases in traffic volume and traffic signal green times were associated with reduced speed variation. These findings can be used by engineers to minimize speed differences during the road network planning stage and continuing through the traffic management phase.     

船舶操纵模拟器罗经设置研究

根据船舶操纵模拟器研制的需要，依据视景的圆柱面环幕透视投影模型、透视投影误差校正模型和船舶在海上用罗经进行测向的基本原理，建立了大型船舶操纵模拟器罗经测向的方位角误差纠正模型，并根据误差角度的不同范围要求，给出罗经离视点位置的选择范围，为罗经位置的设置提供参考。     

车辆阻力对站线坡度设计的影响研究

根据车辆所受基本阻力、曲线阻力、坡道阻力、风阻力、道岔阻力,建立车辆单位基本阻力模型及数学表达式,运用车辆参数及风阻力参数,对车辆相关状态进行分析计算,研究表明:线路纵坡即使为平坡,亦存在溜逸安全隐患,必须采取措施才能保证安全;对《站规》站线纵坡标准,进行安全评估,提出利用停车顶改善车辆停放状态的措施意见及计算办法;利用减速顶做功耗能可以提高装车线线路纵坡,从而满足定量快速装车或轨道衡计量系统的技术要求,为线路纵坡设计提供依据,拓宽站场调速设备应用领域,创新工程设计方法,为工程综合优化设计提供理论基础,供设计分析及计算参考。     

关于电能计量装置的研究

DSP技术的迅速发展,为研制精确的电能计量装置提供了有力的技术支持。本装置就是通过采样电路采集到电网的电压和电流等数据,利用DSP快速处理数据的能力,对电压和电流采样数据进行FFT变换,得到各次谐波电压和电流的值,再根据谐波功率和电能计算方法,计算出电能值。     

高速铁路常用供电方式接地回流研究

分析了在高速铁路常用的供电方式下，即带回流线的直接供电方式和AT供电方式下的接地回流情况，通过对2种供电方式下牵引网的等效电路建模、计算，得到钢轨电流和地中电流分布系数的近似计算公式，并对回流情况进行了分析。     

自动变速器调速器阀与节气门阀的结构和原理

目前用于汽车自动变速器的调整阀有３种不同的结构形式，即由自动米速器输出轴驱动齿轮驱动的滑阀式和止回球式，以及直接安装在输出轴上的滑阀式，节气门大致分为两种类型，一类是机械控制式，另一类是真空控制式。详细介绍了各种调制器阀与节气门阀的结构形式。并相应地对其工作原理进行了探讨。     

利用可控减速顶实现驼峰三部位减速器超速防护的探讨

本文分析了编组站驼峰自动控制系统中,三部位减速器超速这一典型但又比较棘手的技术难题,提出了基于编组站驼峰自动控制系统,在三部位减速器出口后利用可控减速顶对钩车超速进行自动防护的解决方案,并阐述了该方案的合理性及可行性。     

RFlD阅读器设计中FSK解调方法的研究

在PFID系统设计中，利用基于软件的FSK解调方法，对标签向阅读器发射的射频信号进行解调，采用最大似然准则，即最小距离接收机，从数据中恢复出信号。对PFID系统设计中发送和接收的误码率进行分析，推导出误码率的计算公式。通过选用不同参数f3和N进行仿真，探讨选择最佳参数f3和N，提出改善系统误码率的方法。     

世界高速铁路发展的动向

简述世界高速铁路的现状,说明其技术优势及经济效益,最后指出高速铁路技术发展的动向:(1)站间距离;(2)高速道岔;(3)无碴轨道;(4)高速列车。