行驶质量评价指标的回顾和展望

道路作为满足公众行驶需要的一种特殊产品,其好坏的根本量度之一就是行驶质量评价指标。由于这个指标取决于道路的破损情况,因此将其与道路表面的粗糙度特征建立回归关系才方便应用。自从20世纪60年代以来,确定行驶质量指标的主要参数就不断演变。先是人工实测车辙,破损及修补面积,再是各种仪器实测的路面平整度,比如国际平整度指数,IRI。本文在大量的研究基础上,指出了现行主要参数的不足,并提出了一个确定行驶质量指标的新参数,既乘客所直接感受到的竖直方向上的加速度的变化率,JERK。     

基于试验场道路的变速器台架载荷谱研究

通过实车采集试验样车在试验场道路上行驶时的CAN BUS数据,可直接获得发动机转速、扭矩和档位等信号;把传统的载荷-时间频次关系,转变为载荷-发动机飞轮旋转频次关系,同时记录各载荷等级对应的各个挡位的频次,这样可获得在各个档位下,不同载荷等级对应转速区间内的飞轮旋转频次,根据齿轮材料的S-N曲线和疲劳累积Miner理论,计算出各档位的疲劳强度,然后基本疲劳损伤等效原理选取各档位下产生较大疲劳强度的扭矩和转速,作为台架试验输入的载荷和转速,可有效避免载荷和转速选取的盲目性,为科学的制定台架试验载荷谱提供了依据。     

基于大数据技术的纯电动汽车减速器速比优化研究

针对电动汽车减速器速比匹配问题,本文提出一种基于大数据技术的优化理论,基于MATLAB建模方法对电动汽车速比进行优化设计,获得更接近实际最优状态的减速器速比。该方法可应用于未来汽车的定制化服务中,达成降低能耗、提升续航的目标。实例分析中,使用大数据技术的速比优化相对于使用基于模型的速比优化的情况,电驱动系统效率提高1.34%,百公里能量消耗率降低0.174kWh/100km。     

A methodology for vehicle sideslip angle identification: comparison with experimental data

Sideslip angle could provide important information concerning vehicle's stability. Unfortunately direct measurement of sideslip angle requires a complex and expensive experimental set-up, which is not suitable for implementation on ordinary passenger cars; thus, this quantity has to be estimated starting from the measurements of vehicle lateral/longitudinal acceleration, speed, yaw rate and steer angle. According to the proposed methodology, sideslip angle is estimated as a weighted mean of the results provided by a kinematic formulation and those obtained through a state observer based on vehicle single-track model. Kinematical formula is considered reliable for a transient manoeuvre, while the state observer is used in nearly quasi-state condition. The basic idea of the work is to make use of the information provided by the kinematic formulation during a transient manoeuvre to update the single-track model parameters (tires cornering stiffnesses). A fuzzy-logic procedure was implemented to identify steady state or transient conditions.     

Lane changing patterns of bane and benefit: Observations of an uphill expressway

A mechanism is unveiled by which congestion forms on a 3-lane, uphill expressway segment, and causes reductions in output flow. Vehicular lane-changing (LC) is key to the mechanism, particularly LC induced by speed disturbances (SDs) that periodically arise in the expressway’s median and center lanes. Early in the rush, when flow was relatively low in the shoulder lane, drivers readily migrated toward that lane to escape the oncoming SDs. The shoulder lane thus acted as a ‘release valve’ for the high vehicular accumulations created by the SDs, such that forced vehicular decelerations were short-lived. The release valve failed only later in the rush, when flow increased in the shoulder lane in response to rising demand. LC induced by the SDs thereafter became disruptive: the decelerations they imposed spread laterally, and a persistent queue formed in all lanes. Long-run output flow dropped each day by 4-11% once the queue engulfed the base of the incline, and impeded vehicle ascent.Subtle details of this mechanism became visible by examining thousands of vehicle trajectories that were extracted from a series of eleven roadside video cameras. Though these trajectories were collected from only a single day, we suspect that the findings can be generalized to other days at the present site, and to other sites. This is because: (i) conspicuous features of the mechanism were repeatedly observed in loop detector data that were measured over many days at the site; (ii) these macroscopic features are consistent with observations previously made at other sites; and (iii) the more subtle details unveiled by the trajectories are compatible with a general theory of multi-lane traffic.     

非接触车速仪车速误差的分析及采样时间的自适应调节

通过对车速仪测量速度的数学模型的建立，分析了动态情况下速度采样时间、距离脉冲当量与速度误差的关系，给出了速度误差的计算公式，提出了用采样时间的自适应调节，提高动态测量精度及具体应用的方法。还对各工况下的速度采样时间及误差进行了计算和比对。     

Why new technologies cannot radically improve the quality of urban transportation

In recent years a great deal of time and effort has been expended on the development of new modes of transport for cities. It is argued in this paper that this work is unlikely to be very productive because the major remaining flaw in the provision of transportation services—the inability of one mode to provide a good service to concentrated and dispersed trip ends—seems unavoidable. To make the required breakthrough a new mode must be frugal in its demands for space, flexible in its operation and fast. But an analysis of the performance of existing and prototype modes suggest that there is a fundamental technological barrier that precludes any one mode from performing well in more than two out of these three ways. This implies that any further improvements in travel for the urbanite must be made through existing modes and their derivatives and will be quite limited. It also suggests that the only possible way of substantially improving urban transportation is to build or rebuild towns so that one of the important mode attributes mentioned above is rendered superfluous.     

广西高速公路设计灵活性探讨

文章分析了广西高速公路设计存在的主要问题,从灵活性设计角度提出了改进的措施,并指出正确运用设计指标,对提高广西高速公路设计水平和通过率、保证行车安全有现实的意义。     

公路限速标志设置的位置研究

公路限速标志是现代交通管理中最普遍的控制车速的方式,也是保障道路交通安全的基础设施。文章介绍了限速标志设置的基本要求,分析了我国限速标志设置存在的问题,并从限速标志设置的地点、路段、位置点、距离和限速值等方面论证限速标志设置的位置,为科学设置公路限速标志提供参考。     

摩托车发动机点火调试仪的研制(1)

利用检测单缸发动机瞬时转速的波动来确定发动机负荷的方法,研制出一套摩托车发动机数字点火系统——点火调试仪。结合单缸CG125发动机台架试验,标定得到CG125发动机最佳点火提前角与转速、瞬时转速波动的外特性图(MAP),标定结果证明该关系符合最佳点火提前角与转速、负荷的变化规律,能较准确地反映最佳点火提前角与转速、负荷的关系,可以实现对发动机点火提前角转速和负荷的二维控制。