新型柴油发动机特性探析

从柴油发动机的发展历程入手,重点介绍柴油发动机的压缩点火特性、机械特性,及典型柴油系统：柱塞式喷射泵系统和共轨式喷射系统;探析新型柴油发动机的特性。     

刚度折减对制动力的影响分析

当列车在桥上实施制动时,列车对桥上线路施加一纵向水平力——轨面制动力。轨面制动力通过线路结构传给桥跨,这些作用力是影响桥梁下部结构设计的重要因素。在制动力作用下,轨道板和底座板受拉,其承载力降低。在ANSYS计算分析中,采用刚度折减来模拟这种情况。先提出采用刚度折减这一原理,再讨论刚度折减对线路和桥梁结构的受力影响并分析其作用机理。结果表明,对钢筋混凝土制作的底座板和轨道板,在计算中必须进行刚度折减,否则会带来安全隐患。     

不同工艺的水泥土搅拌桩载荷试验研究

针对水泥土搅拌桩的粉喷和湿喷两种工艺,分别进行了施工后不同龄期的桩身载荷试验,通过桩顶、桩间土的应力观测以及载荷试验测斜观测,对水泥土搅拌桩加固软土地基的效果进行分析,并对两种工艺的加固效果进行了对比。结果表明,在饱和软土地区,复合地基承载力粉喷桩明显高于湿喷桩,其成桩及加固效果前者好于后者。     

动力锥贯入仪在路基检测中的应用综述

动力锥贯入仪经过不断完善和改进,已经形成了较成熟的仪器设备、试验方法、分析方法等,是一种轻便、快捷、可靠的路基和基层材料现场强度检测工具,在路基现场检测中得到了较广泛的应用。对动力锥贯入仪的发展历史、研究现状、仪器设备、试验程序、计算分析、工程应用等方面进行了比较全面的叙述,以便为动力锥贯入仪的推广应用提供参考。     

两挡变速器纯电动汽车动力性经济性双目标的传动比优化

为某两挡变速器纯电动汽车选择其动力系统驱动电机的转矩、功率和转速以及蓄电池的容量和数目.以汽车原地起步加速时间和续驶里程分别作为纯电动汽车的动力性和经济性的两个分目标函数,引入加权因子,建立了纯电动汽车动力性和经济性双目标函数下的传动比优化模型,并利用基于模拟退火的粒子群优化算法进行了优化.结果表明,与普通fminco...     

带帽桩复合地基复合桩土应力比计算及工程应用

以控制桩帽间土体沉降量在工后沉降量标准范围内为目标,提出带帽控沉疏桩复合地基设计的思路和方法.采用调整桩体中心间距或桩帽尺寸等措施,以改变复合桩土应力比来进行带帽控沉疏桩复合地基设计.基于弹性理论和等沉面思想,不考虑复合桩体自身压缩变形量,简化了带帽刚性桩复合地基复合桩土应力比隐式计算公式,得到了按桩帽间土体沉降计算模...     

多塔悬索桥的两个主要控制指标及其计算工况

以千米级3塔连跨悬索桥——泰州大桥为工程背景,比较了国内规范对加劲梁竖向挠跨比的相关规定,指出了该规定的实质目的是使行车平稳、安全.通过ANSYS有限元程序对比分析了泰州大桥4种汽车荷载典型工况下的整体位移,结果表明:加劲梁梁端竖向转角与加劲梁竖向挠跨比无本质联系(对于大跨度悬索桥);加劲梁梁端竖向转角与中塔纵向抗弯刚...     

三种拱式体系的性能比较

以3种上承式拱式体系为研究对象,按照结构体系概念,考察边界约束条件对不同拱式体系的影响。对有推力体系、部分有推力体系以及无推力体系进行了性能比较：采用解析法求出了主拱内力表达式并用有限元法验证其正确性,利用该公式分析了这3种体系主拱在恒载、温度荷载作用下的水平推力、弯矩、轴力响应及矢跨比参数分析;并采用有限元方法对比研究了3种体系的活载响应、结构刚度及静力稳定性;对这3种体系在不同地质条件下的适应性进行了分析。     

The independence of volume-capacity ratio of private toll roads in general networks

In a general traffic network under some widely used assumptions, this paper proves that the level of service, represented by the volume-capacity (v/c) ratio, offered by a profit-maximizing private firm on a private toll road is independent of another competitor’s choice of capacity and toll rate for another private toll road. The v/c ratio will be the same as the one provided by a centralized welfare-maximizing traffic authority. Moreover, the ratio remains the same even in a regulated market where the authority imposes a cap for the generalized travel cost on the private toll road.     

Lane changing patterns of bane and benefit: Observations of an uphill expressway

A mechanism is unveiled by which congestion forms on a 3-lane, uphill expressway segment, and causes reductions in output flow. Vehicular lane-changing (LC) is key to the mechanism, particularly LC induced by speed disturbances (SDs) that periodically arise in the expressway’s median and center lanes. Early in the rush, when flow was relatively low in the shoulder lane, drivers readily migrated toward that lane to escape the oncoming SDs. The shoulder lane thus acted as a ‘release valve’ for the high vehicular accumulations created by the SDs, such that forced vehicular decelerations were short-lived. The release valve failed only later in the rush, when flow increased in the shoulder lane in response to rising demand. LC induced by the SDs thereafter became disruptive: the decelerations they imposed spread laterally, and a persistent queue formed in all lanes. Long-run output flow dropped each day by 4-11% once the queue engulfed the base of the incline, and impeded vehicle ascent.Subtle details of this mechanism became visible by examining thousands of vehicle trajectories that were extracted from a series of eleven roadside video cameras. Though these trajectories were collected from only a single day, we suspect that the findings can be generalized to other days at the present site, and to other sites. This is because: (i) conspicuous features of the mechanism were repeatedly observed in loop detector data that were measured over many days at the site; (ii) these macroscopic features are consistent with observations previously made at other sites; and (iii) the more subtle details unveiled by the trajectories are compatible with a general theory of multi-lane traffic.