多车道道路改扩建工程中最优施工区长度的研究

针对道路改扩建工程,在分析施工区总费用的基础上,通过对交通流运行特征的研究,对车辆通过施工区所产生的各种延误分别进行推导,建立了由施工费用以及车辆延误费用构成的总费用函数模型,得到了道路改扩建工程中不同施工组织条件下最优施工区长度计算公式。微观仿真研究示例表明,最优施工区长度计算方法具有较好的适用性和正确性。有效指导道路维护部门的施工作业,起到节约社会总成本的作用。     

高等级自动驾驶汽车虚拟测试：研究进展与前沿

安全性测试是高等级自动驾驶汽车（Highly Automated Vehicles，HAV，指具备L3级及以上能力的自动驾驶汽车）规模化应用的基本保障。鉴于HAV测试对象与测试标准的变革，传统基于里程的车辆测试方法论不再适用，场景化虚拟测试正成为验证HAV安全性的核心方法。基于与国内外多家HAV研发机构开展虚拟测试合作的基础上，针对测试场景、测试工具和测试方法等方面的技术难点和学术问题进行汇总、归纳和分析。测试场景方面，围绕场景覆盖度的要求，需重点关注测试场景自主划分、自动化仿真生成和未知高风险场景搜寻等理论方法。测试工具方面，在构建HAV自动驾驶系统“环境感知-规划决策-运动执行”一体化仿真工具的基础上，需研究支撑测试场景生成、驾驶行为双向交互和多传感器物理模型融合的高可信仿真技术。测试方法方面，针对海量测试场景、HAV驾驶能力非单调变化等特征，亟待开展覆盖度驱动型测试方法、加速测试方法和多目标测试与评估等的研究。此外，在上述研究挑战的基础上，面向HAV虚拟测试自动化、快速化、一体化和协同化的应用需求，提出HAV虚拟测试仿真即服务（Simulation as a Service，SAAS）的系统架构，并进一步明确HAV安全性诊断分析、系统自主优化训练和面向系统快速迭代升级的测试方法等SAAS重点研究需求。     

Evaluation of detection sensitivity and count performance of advanced vehicle detection technologies at a signalized intersection

This article evaluates the stop-bar detection and count performance of three advanced vehicle detection sensors under various environmental conditions at a signalized intersection. Continuing advancements to vehicle detection technologies and improvements to their detection capabilities to overcome issues from impacting conditions necessitates testing the performance of new and upgraded sensor products to evaluate their performance and identify the most suitable products for various climates and weather conditions. The three evaluated sensors were Autoscope Encore video, Iteris Vantage Edge 2 video, and Wavetronix SmartSensor Matrix microwave sensors. The three sensors performed with high detection sensitivity during ideal environmental conditions with up to 99.9% detection accuracy levels and are suitable for traffic monitoring centers that rely on remote access to the monitored sites and the collected data. However, they were affected by some extreme adverse weather conditions, mainly daytime and nighttime snow, daytime fog, dawn lighting, and strong winds (for high mounted devices). The selection of a sensor product will depend on the type of application and the priority given to the type of traffic data being collected. Overall, the Iteris video sensor performed with the highest detection sensitivity levels, with the Wavetronix Matrix microwave sensor performing similarly under most conditions (14 of 19 evaluated conditions). Autoscope video provided the highest count accuracies and also provides a much broader data collection capability. The results of this study will help transportation agencies in selecting suitable vehicle detection sensor technologies for future installations within their jurisdiction and improved data collection.     

双轴汽车模型下某车型的振动分析

将双轴汽车多自由度模型简化成四自由度的平面模型,忽略了车轮部分质量及刚度的影响。把质量m的车身等效的分解为前后轴以及质心C上的三个集中质量m2f、m2r及m2c,这三个质量由无质量的刚性杆进行连接。分析在该模型下振动输入对车身垂直和俯仰运动的影响,重点研究在有阻尼情况下双轴汽车模型的偏频和振型分析。     

动态当量夹角在商用车产品开发中的应用研究

在商用车传动轴系统布置设计时，为避免因万向节传动输出轴与输入轴的转角差引起车辆异常振动，应使空载静止和满载静止工况下的传动轴当量夹角、最大夹角及角加速度幅值满足设计要求。研究表明，在某些工况下，仅校核空载静止和满载静止工况下的传动轴系统布置的相关参数，不能完全避免因传动轴系统布置设计引起的整车异常振动问题。因此分析了满载爬坡工况下动态当量夹角对整车异常振动的影响，表明了在进行商用车传动轴系统布置设计时，还需使满载爬坡工况下的动态当量夹角以满足设计要求。     

铁路专用线视频监控系统的研究

介绍一种与车号识别相结合的视频监控系统,描述系统构成和功能.     

基于改进全局优化算法的轮毂液压动力系统能量管理策略

现有针对轮毂液压混合动力系统的能量管理策略均为结合研究人员经验与发动机最优工作区域的简单控制，暂未见优化控制策略的应用，导致实际控制值与最优控制值的偏差较大，无法充分发挥该系统的节油能力。基于此，针对该系统提出了一种基于改进全局优化算法的能量管理策略，探寻该系统的理论最大节油量，进一步挖掘该系统的节能潜力。首先，该策略建立了基于车速-蓄能器荷电状态（SOC）自适应调节等效油耗因子的方法计算目标函数中的罚函数，从而提高系统的制动回收能力，避免计算结果陷入局部最优；随后，根据轮毂液压混合动力系统各模式工作点相对固定的特性，实现了控制变量降维；最后以实测数据进行了仿真测验。结果显示：比起传统的全局最优策略，该方法可以进一步实现3.36%的节油效果；同时，在实现节油的基础上，经过控制变量降维后计算时间减少了35%，而计算精度基本不受影响。     

电动汽车V2G关键技术研究综述

V2G(Vehicle-to-grid)技术能够优化能源效率,参与电网调度,促进电网的安全性、稳定性、可靠性和经济性。文章首先阐述了V2G的概念,其次从电动汽车储能应用研究、电动汽车可调度容量研究和电动汽车移动储能对于配网影响及其协同控制研究等三个方面,综述了国内外V2G技术的研究状况。最后介绍了国内外部分有关V2G的示范应用,并对V2G关键技术的国内外研究状况进行了总结。     

货车后下部防护装置强度的试验方法研究

分析我国货车后下部防护装置标准的强度试验方法与国外法规的差异,并通过仿真分析对比货车后下部防护装置在静态加载、壁障碰撞和车辆追尾下的变形特性、吸能效果及其差异性,提出国标中存在的一些问题及修改建议。     

Investigating the influence of soil properties on railway traffic vibration using a numerical model

This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer.