装配式梁桥横向协同工作性能度量指标的研究

为了表征运营期间装配式梁桥的横向协同工作性能,提出了一种间接度量指标——相邻预制梁间的应变相关系数;同时建立了装配式梁桥的简化力学模型,通过推导建立了该指标的解析表达式。理论分析和数值仿真研究表明,在保证足够的样本长度条件下,交通流荷载趋向统计稳定,此时结构特性成为该度量指标的唯一影响因素,证明了该指标具备表征装配式梁桥横向协同工作性能的条件。     

车辆阻力对站线坡度设计的影响研究

根据车辆所受基本阻力、曲线阻力、坡道阻力、风阻力、道岔阻力,建立车辆单位基本阻力模型及数学表达式,运用车辆参数及风阻力参数,对车辆相关状态进行分析计算,研究表明:线路纵坡即使为平坡,亦存在溜逸安全隐患,必须采取措施才能保证安全;对《站规》站线纵坡标准,进行安全评估,提出利用停车顶改善车辆停放状态的措施意见及计算办法;利用减速顶做功耗能可以提高装车线线路纵坡,从而满足定量快速装车或轨道衡计量系统的技术要求,为线路纵坡设计提供依据,拓宽站场调速设备应用领域,创新工程设计方法,为工程综合优化设计提供理论基础,供设计分析及计算参考。     

生态资源在水利工程建设中的应用

水利工程对于河流生态系统可能造成不同程度的负面影响,主要表现在以下两个方面:一是自然河流的人工渠道化,包括平面布置上的河流形态直线化,河道横断面几何规则化,河床材料的硬质化。二是自然河流的非连续化,包括筑坝导致顺水流方向的河流非连续化,筑堤引起侧向的水流联通性的破坏。从保护生态环境的高度,充分认识这种负面作用,积极采取工程措施和生物措施对于受损河流生态系统予以必要的补偿,维护水域生态系统的功能,是流域生态建设的重要任务之一。     

Ergonomic and biomechnical analysis of automotive general assembly using XML and digital human models

Automotive general assembly requires many manual assembly operations to be carried out by human workers. Ergonomic analysis is an important part of the design and evaluation of products, jobs, tools, machines and environments for safe, comfortable and effective human functioning. Most recent researches have involved the evaluation of working conditions to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The majority of previous research on automotive companies has mainly considered the results of ergonomic analyses such as RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysis System). Analysis of static posture including reachability, clearances for arm, hand and tool has also been used to evaluate working conditions. However, in addition to static posture analysis, a biomechanical analysis in dynamic conditions should also be conducted. There are no integrated frameworks or standard schema for ergonomic analysis using digital human models in digital environments. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new framework for the evaluation of working conditions by ergonomic and biomechanical analysis using digital models based on XML standard schema, including: products, processes, manufacturing resources and human workers. This paper presents the analysis results using the proposed framework for automotive general assembly operations. We propose a new framework for the evaluation of the assembly operations and their environments. Then we apply a digital human model to the dynamic simulation of general automotive assembly operations based on standard schemas in XML and PPRH (Product, Process, Resource and Human). Using PPRH information based on a standard XML schema to analyze the ergonomic and biomechanical results, the engineer can visualize, analyze and improve assembly operations and working environments in automotive general assembly shops using digital models.     

Deconstructing development density: Quality, quantity and price effects on household non-work travel

Smart growth and transit-oriented development proponents advocate increasing the density of new land development and infill redevelopment. This is partly in order to reduce auto use, by reducing distances between trip origins and destinations, creating a more enjoyable walking environment, slowing down road travel, and increasing the market for transit. But research investigating how development density influences household travel has typically been inadequate to account for this complex set of hypotheses: it has used theoretically unjustified measures, has not accounted for spatial scale very well, and has not investigated potentially important combinations of measures. Using data from a survey of metropolitan households in California, measures of development density corresponding to the main hypotheses about how density affects travel—activity density affecting distance traveled, network load density affecting the speed of auto travel, and built form density affecting the quality of walking—are tested as independent variables in models of auto trip speed and individual non-work travel. Residential network load density is highly negatively correlated with the speed of driving, and is also highly correlated with non-work travel, both singly and in combination with other measures. Activity density and built form density are not as significantly related, on their own. These results suggest that denser development will not influence travel very much unless road level-of-service standards and parking requirements are reduced or eliminated.     

沥青路面心样密度试验方法应用研究

通过对沥青路面上钻取的非干燥试件进行风干和烘干试验,计算不同试验条件下心样的毛体积相对密度和压实度。研究结果表明,风干12 h以后继续延长风干时间,对路面压实度的计算结果影响甚微,而在不需进行其他试验时,采用（60±5）℃烘箱烘干0.5-1.5 h后称其空中质量进行路面压实度评价是合适的,且有利于指导沥青路面的连续施工。     

适航水深测量技术介绍与探讨

随着航运业的日益发展 ,船舶大型化和港口深水化趋势越来越明显 ,淤泥质港口使用者及管理部门对采用适航水深的要求越来越强烈 ,而要想利用适航水深 ,首先必须解决适航水深测量技术问题。文中对适航水深测量技术进行了介绍及分类 ,并对各种方法进行了比较     

三爪砣测量适航水深技术分析与对策

根据三爪砣的使用方法,从理论上分析了三爪砣测量适航水深的误差来源和实际测量精度,归纳了三爪砣测量作业中特别应当注意的问题。     

明确目标锐意进取开创工务工作新局面--在全路工务工作会议上的讲话(摘要)

总结2005年全路工务系统在六大干线安全标准线建设、第六次大面积提速线路改造、生产布局调整、安全专项整治等重点工作中取得的成绩,指出存在的问题;安排2006年全路工务重点工作,要以科学发展观统领全局,坚持“线桥结构现代化,施工作业机械化,企业管理科学化”方针,围绕实现铁路跨越式发展的总体目标,深化铁路体制改革和工务修理制度的改革,全面完成各项任务,进一步夯实安全基础,确保工务安全生产的持续稳定和铁路第六次提速的顺利实现。     

建立电子海图航标数据库的探讨

航标类物标是组成电子海图重要的点状类物标元素,在制作电子海图时为了便捷地输入航标类信息,有必要建立电子海图航标数据库,参照电子海图制作标准(S-57)细分航标库的结构内容、分类,全国沿海海区的航标表或从助航网站的航标资料作为航标库的数据来源,简要介绍了电子海图S-57标准和电子海图的属性采集,应用CARIS程序代码实现数据库与制作电子海图时的关联,着重探索了利用AIS台网系统实现实时电子海图数据库小改正的新构思。