A vehicle ABS adaptive sliding-mode control algorithm based on the vehicle velocity estimation and tyre/road friction coefficient estimations

A sliding-mode observer is designed to estimate the vehicle velocity with the measured vehicle acceleration, the wheel speeds and the braking torques. Based on the Burckhardt tyre model, the extended Kalman filter is designed to estimate the parameters of the Burckhardt model with the estimated vehicle velocity, the measured wheel speeds and the vehicle acceleration. According to the estimated parameters of the Burckhardt tyre model, the tyre/road friction coefficients and the optimal slip ratios are calculated. A vehicle adaptive sliding-mode control (SMC) algorithm is presented with the estimated vehicle velocity, the tyre/road friction coefficients and the optimal slip ratios. And the adjustment method of the sliding-mode gain factors is discussed. Based on the adaptive SMC algorithm, a vehicle's antilock braking system (ABS) control system model is built with the Simulink Toolbox. Under the single-road condition as well as the different road conditions, the performance of the vehicle ABS system is simulated with the vehicle velocity observer, the tyre/road friction coefficient estimator and the adaptive SMC algorithm. The results indicate that the estimated errors of the vehicle velocity and the tyre/road friction coefficients are acceptable and the vehicle ABS adaptive SMC algorithm is effective. So the proposed adaptive SMC algorithm can be used to control the vehicle ABS without the information of the vehicle velocity and the road conditions.     

大跨桥梁结构健康监测和状态评估研究综述

简要介绍大跨桥梁健康监测系统的发展，并结合润扬长江大桥健康监测系统，介绍了桥梁健康监测系统的组成、监测内容、功能及特点。对几种桥梁结构常用的健康状态评估方法进行了分析比较，最后探讨了健康监测领域今后的主要研究问题和发展方向。     

社区主义:公共伦理建设的新走向

当代中国正处在以城市化为主导的社会转型的关键时期 ,社会出现了种种不协调 ,需要相应价值尺度来引导。而以国家理性为价值尺度的“国家主义”在中国正趋向衰微 ,以个人理性为终极价值尺度的“个人主义”在中国无法植根 ,造成了社会公共伦理的“空场”,从而说明以公共理性为核心 ,以“个人自由加公共利益”为精神实质的“社区主义”作为一种新的社会精神价值取向应时而生 ,适应了中国当代城市化进程的需要     

基于时延数据融合的港口船舶监控策略研究

在对现有港口船舶航行监控方法以及导航技术详细分析的基础上,结合基于Kalman滤波的数据融合技术,讨论了利用雷达、GPS以及AIS数据进行港口船舶导航算法和监控策略的设计问题。针对现有的时延平滑估计存在的缺点,提出一种基于时延的集中式预测估计融合算法。新算法具有很高的实时性和可实施性,同时,将新算法与现有的时延平滑估计融合算法相集成,提出一种完整的船舶导航和监控策略,计算机仿真算例验证了新算法的优越性,同时显示了新监控策略的有效性。     

Bayesian statistical data assimilation for ecosystem models using Markov Chain Monte Carlo

This study considers advanced statistical approaches for sequential data assimilation. These are explored in the context of nowcasting and forecasting using nonlinear differential equation based marine ecosystem models assimilating sparse and noisy non-Gaussian multivariate observations. The statistical framework uses a state space model with the goal of estimating the time evolving probability distribution of the ecosystem state. Assimilation of observations relies on stochastic dynamic prediction and Bayesian principles. In this study, a new sequential data assimilation approach is introduced based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The ecosystem state is represented by an ensemble, or sample, from which distributional properties, or summary statistical measures, can be derived. The Metropolis-Hastings based MCMC approach is compared and contrasted with two other sequential data assimilation approaches: sequential importance resampling, and the (approximate) ensemble Kalman filter (including computational comparisons). A simple illustrative application is provided based on a 0-D nonlinear plankton ecosystem model with multivariate non-Gaussian observations of the ecosystem state from a coastal ocean observatory. The MCMC approach is shown to be straightforward to implement and to effectively characterize the non-Gaussian ecosystem state in both nowcast and forecast experiments. Results are reported which illustrate how non-Gaussian information originates, and how it can be used to characterize ecosystem properties.     

区域间港口国监督的发展现状及实施比较

为消除低标准船、加强海上安全、保护海洋环境及改善船员生活与工作条件,区域性港口国监督制度已经成为一项成效显著的利器并得到全球共识。从1982年3月巴黎备忘录成立以来,经过二十多年的发展,全球已建立九个区域性的港口国监督。本文重在介绍九大港口国监督区域的发展现状,并比较其实施的效果,拟供完善我国港口国监督制度的参考。     

基于状态空间法的受电弓主动控制的研究

建立线性化的受电弓模型和接触网的有限元模型、以及它们的耦合系统动力学模型,分析接触网的刚度变化,利用最优控制理论对主动控制式受电弓进行了理论上的研究。根据高速铁路对受电弓和接触网动力学性能的要求,从降低接触压力的波动以改善受流质量着手,针对弓网关系的特点,建立了受电弓主动控制系统模型,采用全状态反馈设计并利用线性二次型最优控制策略设计了受电弓主动控制的控制器,并求得了控制器参数。对控制系统进行仿真验证和研究。结果表明,采用主动控制式受电弓,能够降低接触压力的波动,提高弓网系统的动态性能,改善受流质量。     

低成本AHRS中Kalman滤波器的降维状态观测器设计

最优控制系统如捷联惯导系统（AHRS）都离不开状态反馈。然而系统的状态变量并不都是易于直接检测到的，这就需要状态观测器。基于减轻导航计算机计算负担和降低成本的考虑，提出Kalman滤波器的降维观测器的设计，并且讨论了误差模型的噪声补偿和降低估值误差的方法。     

基于全维观测器的无速度传感器异步电机控制

提出了一种模型参考自适应观测器，用于异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统的转速辨识。该方法将电机矢量控制与模型参考自适应系统（MRAS）相整合，异步电机作为参考模型，而全阶观测器为可调模型，利用两模型输出的误差构造了一个自适应律。理论分析和仿真结果表明，该转速辨识方法具有较强的鲁棒性和令人满意的动静态性能。     

上海集装箱运输的现状与发展思考

在调查上海集装箱港航企业基础上,分类地统计了有关上海集装箱运输的数据。基于对上海集运产业的认识,结合本次调查所掌握的实际情况,对上海集运产业的发展提出了若干建议。在软件建设方面,尽快形成综合开发队伍,提高管理系统软件的开发层次和开发速度;加快电子单证、电子签名等的技术研究与立法工作;开发更为完善的生产作业指挥系统。在企业发展战略方面,着重从稳定货源、加强合作、着力开拓三方面进行了论述。