Ductile crack initiation behavior in steels with compressive prestrain

It is well known that compressive prestrain reduces ductility in steels. On the other hand, it has also been found that high stress triaxiality reduces equivalent plastic strain at the onset of ductile fracture. In this research, plate specimens and notched bar specimens, which were prestrained in compression with bending, were used in reversed bending tests, and the effect of compressive prestrain on ductile crack initiation in steels was investigated. It was found that small ductile cracks occurred from the microscopic wrinkles which were formed on the concave surface with compressive prestrain. The critical relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain at ductile crack initiation was investigated by finite-element analysis. It was found that ductile crack initiation in steels with compressive prestrain can be estimated qualitatively by the relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain.     

基于CATIA和ANSYS的货车驱动桥壳有限元分析

为验证某货车驱动桥壳是否会出现断裂和塑性变形,利用CATIA软件对某货车驱动桥壳建立三维实体模型,通过传递数据接口,把模型导入有限元分析软件ANSYS,对驱动桥壳进行了2.5倍满载轴荷下的应力分布和变形情况分析。计算结果为：板壳和凸缘连接处最大应力为186MPa,小于材料屈服强度295MPa;轮距最大变形量为0.405728mm/m,小于国家规定的1.5mm/m,该驱动桥壳强度满足设计要求。表明驱动桥半轴套筒与轮毂内轴承的接触面和桥壳与凸缘连接处容易发生损坏,该方法为进一步优化改进设计提供了可靠的理论依据。     

柴油机尿素SCR氨分布均匀性的试验与模拟优化

在发动机排气温度300℃、排气流量400kg/h的条件下,测量了尿素SCR催化剂载体前端面的NH3浓度分布。测试结果表明:载体前端面NH3浓度分布均匀性较差,NH3浓度最大值约是最小值的6倍,试验NH3分布均匀性指数仅为0.791。为了提高NH3的分布均匀性,采用CFD软件建立了该SCR系统的流动以及尿素水溶液的喷雾、热解和水解反应等模型,并研究了混合器对NH3浓度分布的影响。模拟结果表明:尿素水溶液喷射后,部分液滴发生撞壁,在排气管直管段大部分液滴集中沿管壁方向运动,进入进口多孔管后液滴分散开,但整体液滴分布不均匀。安装混合器能够使NH3分布均匀性指数和NOx转化效率提高约10%。     

双平面焊接圆管截面DKT节点的中心撑杆鞍点及冠点位置的应力集中系数(英文)

A set of parametric stress analyses was carried out for two-planar tubular DKT-joints under different axial loading conditions.The analysis results were used to present general remarks on the effects of the geometrical parameters on stress concentration factors(SCFs) at the inner saddle,outer saddle,and crown positions on the central brace.Based on results of finite element(FE) analysis and through nonlinear regression analysis,a new set of SCF parametric equations was established for fatigue design purposes.An assessment study of equations was conducted against the experimental data and original SCF database.The satisfaction of acceptance criteria proposed by the UK Department of Energy(UK DoE) was also checked.Results of parametric study showed that highly remarkable differences exist between the SCF values in a multi-planar DKT-joint and the corresponding SCFs in an equivalent uni-planar KT-joint having the same geometrical properties.It can be clearly concluded from this observation that using the equations proposed for uni-planar KT-connections to compute the SCFs in multi-planar DKT-joints will lead to either considerably under-predicting or over-predicting results.Hence,it is necessary to develop SCF formulae specially designed for multi-planar DKT-joints.Good results of equation assessment according to UK DoE acceptance criteria,high values of correlation coefficients,and the satisfactory agreement between the predictions of the proposed equations and the experimental data guarantee the accuracy of the equations.Therefore,the developed equations can be reliably used for fatigue design of offshore structures.     

AERMOD-EIA模型参数在港口粉尘污染预测中的敏感性分析

以散货中转码头为例,以区域浓度污染分布情况以及TSP日均浓度最大值作为研究对象,研究了EIAProA2008软件AERMOD模型的污染物粒径分布、地面粗糙度、地表湿度3个参数的敏感性,并确定了区域污染面积和TSP日均浓度最大值最大时所对应的参数条件,为模型的应用、预测复核及技术评估提供参考。     

基于实测动应力分析的车轴台架试验谱编制

通过长距离线路动应力测试,编制适用于车轴磁粉探伤周期优化研究的台架试验谱.首先,分析测试结果中车辆载重、线路工况、运行交路对车轴动应力的影响,并考虑车轮失圆的影响,确定不同影响因素的灵敏度;然后,进行应力谱极值推断,得到车轴外推应力谱;最后,得到台架试验谱,并开展台架疲劳试验.结果 表明:车轴最大应力截面上的最高频次应...     

城市轨道交通无缝线路应力放散施工及运营保障措施

城市轨道交通无缝线路应力放散施工面临有效作业时间不充裕、对供电及信号等轨旁设备影响大、可能影响次日运营等困难。以北京地区某实际工程为例,采用细致筹备、"可视化"现场分工、全方位的专业保障等措施,安全高效地完成全线的无缝线路应力放散。并详细介绍了城市轨道交通运营期的无缝线路应力放散和调整施工组织及供电、信号系统保障措施。     

外派海员的工作压力探讨

工作压力是影响海员身心健康和海上安全的重要因素之一.外派海员是一个特殊的职业群体,其工作压力构成更为复杂,本文从外派船员压力的形成和管理进行探讨,并提出相关建议.     

全血环孢素A浓度荧光偏振免疫法监测及评价

应用特异性单克隆抗体荧光偏振免疫法（ＭＡＦＰＩＡ）对６８例肾移植患者进行３６２次临床环孢素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）全血药物浓度监测。结果表明：合并用药会影响ＣｓＡ全血浓度。术后时间与ＣｓＡ全血浓度有一定关系。ＭＡＦＰＩＡ是一种简便、快速、准确的监测方法，对指导临床鉴别排异与中毒反应以及个体化给药，具有重要意义。     

机车轮对过盈配合温差法装配的有限元模拟

与经典的力学方法相比，用有限元方法可以有效地分析复杂形状轴毂过盈配合的各种问题，从而提高轴毂过盈配合设计的可靠性．对机车轮对过盈配合温差法装配过程的有限元模拟说明，虽然在过盈量较小时，弹性和弹塑性有限元模拟都能够比较真实的模拟车轮与车轴中的应力分布，确切地反映轮毂配合间的接触边缘应力集中等，但是，当过盈量较大而发生塑性变形时，弹塑性模拟分析，能够比较准确地计算出轮对的塑性变形，因而，比弹性有限元模拟更加真实，因此，弹塑性有限元分析对安全性要求很高的机车轮对过盈配合的设计就更有指导意义．