CFPR加固混凝土桥梁的端部应力分析

CFRP加固混凝土桥梁是一项新的应用外粘高性能复合材料加固结构技术,本文基于国内外关于CFRP片材加固混凝土梁的理论,对加固结构中的CFRP端部应力集中规律进行计算,在此基础上分析了加固后的桥梁在车辆动载作用下端部应力的变化规律。     

坝陵河大桥锚碇混凝土耐久性研究

通过试验对坝陵河大桥锚碇混凝土的渗透性进行了分析。结果表明,氯离子扩散试验得到的混凝土渗透性结果与孔结构试验结果吻合较好。同时根据试验所得的渗透系数对锚碇混凝土的耐久性寿命进行了预测,并分析总结了提高混凝土耐久性的技术措施,为混凝土结构耐久性设计提供了参考。     

大跨桥梁油罐车燃烧火灾模型计算方法研究

桥梁上油罐车燃烧可分为油罐车火灾和燃油泄漏油池火灾2种,为了建立2种定量分析的火灾模型,基于火灾学原理,采用理论分析与FDS数值模拟相结合的方法,提出了考虑危化品种类、桥面风、油罐车尺寸等因素的油罐车火灾最大热释放速率定量计算方法;建立了燃烧油池最大直径、扩散时间以及直径扩大速度的求解方程,提出了可表征不同泄漏孔径下油池扩散、燃烧动态过程的数学模型,并通过前人的试验结果对模型的正确性进行了验证。通过对依托工程的分析,结果表明:油罐车火灾时,最大热释放速率与桥面风速正相关,但增长幅度逐渐减小,风速从4.96 m·s^-1增至10.84 m·s^-1时,最大热释放速率的变化范围为62.89~113.54 MW,随风速增加至10.84 m·s^-1,燃烧时间逐渐变短,缩短至原来的57%,火焰高度逐渐降低,趋近于9.5 m(含油罐车高度);火焰核心区域随风速增大而增大,且向下风向倾斜。泄漏油池燃烧时,泄漏孔径的变化对热释放速率和油池扩散时间影响较小;泄漏速率比接近于泄漏孔半径的平方比,油池最大直径比、扩大速度比与泄漏孔半径比相当,燃烧时间随泄漏孔半径的增大而减小,减小速度变缓;随着燃烧油池直径增大,火焰高度增加,火焰核心区域增大;当扩散至最大直径时,其火焰的水平影响区域比油罐车燃烧更广,但燃烧时间更短。     

Approximate weight functions of stress intensity factor for a wide range shapes of surface and an embedded elliptical crack

This paper describes the application of weight function for stress intensity factor in a surface crack with a wide range of crack shapes. Based on the weight function representation proposed by Wang and Glinka (2009), an extended formulation of the weight function for surfaces and embedded cracks is performed. The unknown parameters in the formulations were determined from reference values of stress intensity factor for a surface and an embedded crack given by finite element analysis with the J integral method. The effectiveness of the proposed weight functions has been verified by comparing with the stress intensity factors given by finite element analysis and available approximated solutions under several loading conditions.     

海员心理健康的研究

本文对海员心理健康研究方法、海员心理健康现状及其影响因素、海员心理卫生保障等方面进行了回顾与展望，提出了保障海员心理卫生的相关建议，为海员心理健康的深入研究提供借鉴。     

集装箱船扭转强度和加强方式研究

介绍约束扭转计算原理,分析集装箱船的结构和受力特点,利用MSC/Nastran软件探讨了集装箱船的扭转强度计算方法。在现有结构形式的基础上,提出几种可能提高结构扭转强度的结构加强方案,通过有限元分析比较各方案对于增加同样重量的钢料船体结构中翘曲应力变化情况,比对抗扭效果,研究在考虑成本基础上提高集装箱船抗扭强度的加强方案优先顺序,结果显示对于支线型集装箱船增加舱口围厚度可更有效提高其抗扭强度。     

The effect of weld residual stress on fracture toughness at the intersection of two welding lines of offshore tubular structure

Due to the spatial complexity and fabrication characteristics of offshore platforms, it is inevitable to encounter overlaps or proximity of weld lines in tubular joints. Several international standards such as American Petroleum Institute (API), American Welding Society (AWS), and American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) regulate the minimum distance between primary weld beads; however, any logical and detailed background of this limitation has not been presented. For a non-compliant weld joint where the regulation is not met, fracture toughness calculation is a typical index to verify the structural integrity.This research consists of two parts. First, weld residual stress distributions are calculated by a 3D thermo-mechanical nonlinear Finite Element Analysis. Two crossing welds, a T-weld crossing on a butt weld, are simulated in one model. A separate tee and a butt welding simulations are also performed for a comparative purpose. Second, SIFs and J-integral values are calculated at the surface and deepest crack tip locations for four different types of semi-elliptical surface cracks. Four cracks are embedded into the weld model and the residual stress distribution from the 3D thermo-mechanical FEA are mapped to a 3D FE crack model as initial conditions. An additional axial tensile load is also imposed. SIF values are compared with those using the weighting function method for the butt weld model subject to three load cases, i.e., tensile stress only, weld residual stress only, and both of them. From the simulation, a tubular joint containing a chord girth weld intersected with weld beads of brace is found to show lower the SIF values than that having only a girth weld on chord.     

隧道施工开挖面瓦斯涌出及扩散规律研究

为探明瓦斯隧道施工过程中瓦斯积聚现象的发生原理和开挖面流场、瓦斯涌出及扩散规律,建立压入式通风三维数值计算模型,研究瓦斯涌出量、风量大小和风管位置等因素对瓦斯扩散的影响.结果表明:在瓦斯涌出面附近区域,瓦斯浓度大梯度变化现象主要发生在回流区,且伴随瓦斯积聚现象发生,但随着与瓦斯涌出面距离的增加,瓦斯浓度逐渐趋于均匀;瓦斯涌出量越大,对流场影响越严重且漩涡范围越大,漩涡对瓦斯扩散有滞留作用;增大通风量可以有效控制瓦斯积聚,但风管布置位置只在一定范围内对瓦斯积聚影响较大.     

GSOG应力吸收层抑制反射裂缝能力的研究

在杨高路大修工程中使用一种新型间断半开级配的沥青混合料(GSOG)充当应力吸收层,分散板块间的水平温缩应力与竖向剪切力共同作用下的应力集中,延缓反射裂缝产生的速度.经高温稳定性、低温约束试件及嵌入式轴向加载试验,均有良好表现,对比AC-20试验段,证明它具备良好的分散应力集中的能力.     

丙烯酸泡棉胶带在汽车结构优化方面的应用

丙烯酸泡棉胶带在优化汽车结构方面已经成为了一种越来越重要的方式。为了更好地提供在汽车优化结构设计方面的选择,文章介绍了丙烯酸泡棉胶带的发展及其性能特点,针对汽车结构设计的优化,通过对丙烯酸泡棉胶带固定方式和传统机械固定方式的比较和分析,同时也通过两者在提高整车密封性能和降低整车质量方面的比较和分析进一步说明丙烯酸泡棉胶带在汽车内外饰连接固定的方式和汽车结构设计的方面提供了更加优化、更加经济和更加环保的选择。