轴心受压钢构件板件宽厚比限值的分析

随着单层钢结构厂房在铁路生产房屋中的广泛应用,多数钢结构厂房柱应力水平低的现象越来越突出,造成单层钢结构厂房结构设计的经济性较差。其原因是现行《钢结构设计规范》(GB50017—2005)中受压钢构件板件的宽厚比限值与其应力水平无关,按此设计的厂房柱截面多偏大而过于保守。对轴心受压钢构件板件宽厚比限值的推导过程加以重新审视,引入应力相关折减系数,按照修正的等稳定性原则,统一分析轴心受压构件的板件宽厚比限值,并通过数据拟合,提出更加合理实用的限值公式。新的限值公式与板件的应力水平相关,与理论计算结果吻合较好。     

地铁车站火灾时不同站台层结构的烟气扩散与控制

根据地铁车站物理模型,对站台层列车中部车厢着火引发火灾时的烟气扩散进行三维模拟,分析安装屏蔽门对岛式和侧式2种典型结构站台层烟气扩散及控制的影响。用能量方程、动量方程、连续性方程、组分方程和完全浮力修正的k-ε方程描述烟气湍流流动,用SIMPLEC算法求解。结果表明:对于2种典型结构层,在发生火灾360 s时,未安装屏蔽门的,烟气均已扩散蔓延至整个站台层的上部空间并沉降至1.8 m的安全高度,人员疏散均较为困难,安装屏蔽门的,所有疏散楼梯口均能保持正常状态,屏蔽门对烟气的扩散起到很好的阻拦作用,且排烟口和隧道排出了更多的烟气;安装屏蔽门后,岛式、侧式站台层的排烟效率分别提高15.8%和10.1%;侧式站台层的抽吸烟气作用更加明显,比岛式站台排出了更多的烟气。由此可知,在2种典型结构的站台层中安装屏蔽门,可以加强对站台层火灾时烟气的控制,为人员及时有效地疏散创造了良好的条件。     

开挖过程中悬浮泥沙扩散输移的数值模拟

通过建立平面二维潮流和悬浮泥沙输移扩散的数学模型,模拟某挖泥工程中悬浮泥沙的扩散输移过程,并应用非结构网格的有限单元法进行离散求解.该模型结合工程实际,采用连续线源模拟挖泥过程中的增量悬沙,以揭示其在开挖过程中扩散输移的机理,为工程环境影响评价提供科学依据.     

九曲河大桥加固工程施工监控技术研究

桥梁施工监控在桥梁建设及加固改造工程中是必不可少的一部分,监控可以对桥梁线形及内力、挠度情况进行实时反馈,严格把关,保证与设计一致。文章以九曲河大桥加固工程为背景,结合加固改造设计方案,从线形控制、变形监测与应力监测等方面阐述了施工监控技术及效果。     

扬州瘦西湖隧道通风系统设计

扬州瘦西湖隧道为穿过国家5A级风景名胜区的单管双层隧道,为了解决洞口环保问题,采用SES对隧道内通风量和污染物浓度进行了模拟计算,结合洞口污染物扩散范围和环境敏感点分布情况,确定了上下层隧道均采用竖井排出式的纵向通风方式;针对烟气沉降速度快的特点,优化了横断面布置,在盾构段和部分明挖段设置排烟道,采用重点排烟的方式,人员安全可用疏散时间提高了1倍,并且在疏散楼梯间采用了上下层分别设置加压送风机的方式,确保了烟气不会进入非事故隧道,极大地提高了人员的安全性。     

Exact and simplified estimations for elastic buckling pressures of structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections under external hydrostatic pressure

Structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections have significant potential for application in offshore oil and gas production systems because they combine thermal insulation performance with structural strength and self weight in an integrated way. Such cross sections comprise inner and outer thin-walled pipes with the annulus between them fully filled by a selectable filler material to impart an appropriate combination of properties. Structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections can exhibit several different collapse mechanisms, and the basis of the preferential occurrence of one over the others is of interest. This article presents an exact analysis for predicting the elastic buckling behaviours of a structural pipe-in-pipe cross section when subjected to external hydrostatic pressure. Simplified approximations are also investigated for elastic buckling pressure and mode when the outer pipe and its contact with the filler material is considered as a pipe on an elastic foundation. Results are presented to show the variation of elastic buckling pressure with the relative elastic modulus of the filler and pipe materials, the filler thickness, and the thicknesses of the inner and outer pipes. Case studies based on realistic application scenarios are used to show that the simplified approximations are sufficiently accurate for practical structural design purposes.     

机车柴油机喷油泵凸轮接触应力分析

针对机车柴油机喷油泵凸轮表面常出现点蚀、麻点、剥落等损伤问题,开展喷油泵凸轮轮廓升程段的接触应力研究,分析导致喷油泵凸轮表面失效的原因。以16V240ZJB型柴油机为例,通过对油泵凸轮轮廓曲线进行几何分析,导出凸轮升程段的运动方程。采用弹性力学中的赫兹理论,建立油泵凸轮接触应力的计算式,并通过计算机编程,从理论上计算和分析喷油泵凸轮表面的接触应力。理论计算结果表明:喷油泵凸轮的接触应力虽高达1 421.655 MPa,但并未超过许用应力值。因此建议从材料加工工艺方面查找原因,提高凸轮表面加工质量,并采用复合强化工艺,进一步加大喷油泵凸轮表面的强度。     

码头混凝土中的氯离子侵入研究

对码头的不同构件钻取了一批混凝土芯样,测量了其中CaCO3的含量和氯离子分布,分析了局部环境对碳化和氯离子分布的影响。试验结果表明,在极度潮湿环境下混凝土碳化进展缓慢,且碳化区域以未完全碳化区为主导,混凝土碳化的深度最终趋于一个极限值。局部环境可导致混凝土中氯离子分布发生较大变化,在混凝土表层氯离子侵入方式复杂,可形成一个氯离子含量平稳区段,只有在一定深度内才符合扩散机理。     

Fatigue design for plug/ring type gas welded joints of sts301l including welding residual stresses

This paper presents a fatigue design method for plug and ring type gas welded joints, which incorporates welding residual stress effects. A non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) was first performed to simulate the gas welding process. The numerically predicted residual stresses of the gas welds were then compared to experimental results measured using a hole drilling method. In order to evaluate the fatigue strength of the plug and ring type gas welded joints, a stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R taling the welding residual stress of the gas weld into account was introduced and is based on a modified Goodman equation incorporating the effect of the residual stress. Using the stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R , the ΔP-N _f relations obtained from fatigue tests for plug and ring type gas welded joints having various dimensions and shapes were systematically rearranged into (σ _a ) _R -N _f relations. It was found that the proposed stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R could provide a systematic and reasonable fatigue design criterion for the plug and ring type gas welded joints.     

高烈度地震区公路隧道洞口段地震响应分析

根据隧道地震安全性评价报告和地勘资料,建立了三维数值计算模型并采用一致粘弹性人工边界模拟动力边界,对高烈度地震区公路隧道洞口段进行了瞬态动力计算。计算结果表明:在三向地震荷载激励下,洞口段衬砌的地震响应具有明显滞后性,衬砌以水平横向振动为主、轴向振动次之、竖向振动最弱;洞口段衬砌的拱腰部位将承受极大拉应力和剪应力,可设减震层吸收地震能量。通过对衬砌相对位移的分析得出,衬砌横向和轴向变形都很小,衬砌稳定性尚好。