独柱墩桥梁抗倾覆安全分析及加固设计技术研究

近几年,独柱墩桥梁越来越多应用于高速公路匝道桥梁和市政立交桥梁,在车辆超载和偏载的不利工况下,独柱墩桥梁发生倾覆倒塌的事故时有发生。在调研浙江省内大量具体工程的基础上,对独柱墩桥梁的结构受力特点进行分析,并根据受力特点和病害情况提出几种有针对性的加固设计方案,可供同类桥梁设计和加固维修参考。     

成都二绕广汉高架桥（50＋90＋50）m连续刚构桥设计要点

成都第二绕城高速公路作为四川省高速公路网布局规划和成都市综合运输体系的重要组成部分,对于缓解现有绕城高速公路交通压力、分流城市过境交通、完善西部综合交通枢纽、引导城市空间和产业合理布局、增强成都对全省乃至西部的辐射带动作用至关重要.结合成都第二绕城高速公路东段广汉高架桥（50 ＋90 ＋50）m连续刚构桥上部结构的设计,介绍了连续刚构桥的一些设计要点和构造措施,阐述了其主要设计思路和方法,并对施工需注意的一些事项作了一些介绍,为连续刚构的设计提供设计经验.     

既有铁路开行重载列车研究

分析影响既有线开行重载列车诸多因素,结合既有线实际状况,探讨开行重载列车组织模式和重载运输组织方案,研究开行方案模型构建及其解法,为我国既有线重载运输的不断发展和推广提供借鉴。     

基于模糊综合评判法的某高边坡治理方案优化研究

在某高速公路外业调查所得资料的基础上,运用模糊综合评判法这种多目标综合分析评价方法,剖分目标层,概化分析各层指标的权重,确定及归一各方案指标元素,确定各方案的最优隶属度,最后综合评价各方案,并得出放坡+坡体中部宽平台+局部锚杆框架梁及骨架植草护坡+地表截排水为相对经济、有效、方便可行的治理方案。     

长江口航道规划整治参数及整治方案研究

综合采用案例和理论分析、河势分析以及潮流数学模型研究等手段,在确定航道整治水位、弯道形态和放宽率等参数的基础上,服务于现有航道规划目标和功能定位,研究确定了长江口阶段性航道整治方案和整治线,以指导规划期内的航道建设。研究成果对《长江口航道发展规划》的编制起到一定的支撑作用。     

二维多翼翼型中拱线设计方法理论研究

基于势流理论和线性薄翼理论对二维多翼中拱线的设计问题开展理论研究。参考NACAa系列翼型设计思路,从均化翼型载荷的角度出发,建立了考虑多翼干扰效应的多翼翼型中拱线设计方法,将其应用到地效翼和栅格翼中,得到不同线性载荷参数和设计间距下的多翼中拱线解析式。该解析式物理意义明确,影响因素清晰,数学求解方便,对工程估算有重要参考价值。     

Reliability analysis of ovalized deep-water pipelines with corrosion defects

The accurate assessment of the remaining strength of corroded pipes is a subject that has been increasingly investigated over the past decades. This is because of the risk of significant social, economic, and environmental effects that may be caused by an accident. The finite element method has been successfully used to predict the collapse pressure considering external load. It was also used in this study. The literature primarily focused on the corroded pipes subjected to internal pressure. In this study, the out-of-roundness (ovalization) of the pipe was considered to evaluate the collapse pressure. Uncertainties should be incorporated into a computational model to assess the reliability of corroded pipes. Three methods for evaluation of the probability of failure were used: the first-order reliability method (FORM), traditional Monte Carlo (MC), and a new proposed methodology that combines MC results with the kernel density estimation method (MCkde). The probability of failure of ovalized corroded pipes subject to external pressure was computed. The results exhibited a good agreement between FORM and MCkde method. The statistical importance of each random variable was observed and the results were compared with those from intact ovalized pipes. The computation cost of the MC method with numerical simulation limits its use to the application under study. Solutions using the FORM and MCkde methods exhibited good agreement with those of the full MC method. However, the computational effort of the latter was independent of the stochastic dimension, and it was a derivative-free method. As expected, in general, the solutions based on empirical methods were conservative.     

Influence of different topological variants on optimized structural scantlings of passenger ship

For a multi-deck ships with extensive superstructures (such as passenger and cruise ships, RoPax, mega yachts, etc.) the global structural response can be particularly complex. The influence of the superstructure to the primary strength for those multi-deck ships must be considered from an early design phase. Main global topological parameters (e.g. size of side openings, position and stiffness of longitudinal and transverse bulkheads, etc.) have dominant influence on the shape of hull girder stress distributions over the ship height. The Taguchi concepts and techniques (FFE, orthogonal arrays, ANOVA, etc.) could be used to systematically study influence of multiple topological parameters on the global structural response obtained by FEM analysis. It also enables rational identification of the most dominant parameters and provide designer with the near-optimal level of each topological parameter for the defined design objective. It has been demonstrated how different topological variants can lead to different optimal structural scantlings w. r.t chosen design objectives (mass, VCG, etc.), using simplified full ship 3D FE model of passenger ship as an example. Structural design software MAESTRO and in-house developed framework for the design support system DeMak – OCTOPUS Designer were used as a structural optimization tool. This paper aim to extend the standard scantling optimization by introducing topological aspects as a first STEP in overall optimization procedure.     

Car sharing in Norwegian urban areas: Examining interest,intention and the decision to enrol

This article’s objective is to investigate the effects of sociodemographic and residential built environments, directly and indirectly through personality traits, attitudes and car ownership, on willingness to use car sharing in the case of Norway. This is done by examining multiple dimensions of the adoption process: the stated general interest and intention to participate in car sharing among non-members, as well as the decision to enrol as a car sharing user by comparing members to non-members. In this study, we analyse web survey data from 2414 residents from urban areas in Norway, using three structural equation models. Our findings indicate that the adoption of car sharing is complexly related to car ownership, with a noteworthy discrepancy indicating greater car sharing interest, but lower car sharing membership rates among car owners. We also find that environmental concerns exert a clear positive effect on all three dimensions of the adoption process. Being careful with money is linked negatively to interest and intention to participate, while being sociable and agreeable exerts no effect. Car sharers’ sociodemographic profiles are typically that of early adopters, but many of the effects, especially on interest, are mediated by car ownership, environmental consciousness and/or being careful with money, rather than directly on the sociodemographic profiles. Finally, we find car sharing to be more prominent in denser areas, but we did not discover a clear connection with access to public transport.