军用机场水泥混凝土道面结构参数变异性

机场水泥混凝土道面结构参数包括板厚、混凝土弯拉强度和弯拉弹性模量、地基反应模量。用钻孔取芯样测板厚,并加工成标准圆柱体试件做劈拉试验,根据试验结果计算出混凝土弯拉强度;用测得的动弯沉反算出地基反应模量。以一个机场的道面作为样本,经概率分布检验,板厚和混凝土弯拉强度符合正态分布;地基反映模量符合对数正态分布。在40多个机场实测道面参数的基础上,得到了所测机场道面结构参数的概率分布的均值和均方差,并确定了道面结构参数的变异范围。提出了各级机场水泥混凝土道面的目标可靠度的建议值,推荐了道面结构参数变异水平分级。     

水泥稳定碎石材料的合理应用

半刚性基层沥青路面是我国目前的主要路面结构形式,但近年来不同地区的应用经验表明,半刚性基层沥青路面早期水损坏比较严重,由于半刚性材料开裂引起的水损坏是其中的一种,本文根据水泥稳定基层材料反射裂缝引起的沥青路面早期水损坏现象,并借鉴国外关于水泥稳定碎石材料设计和施工控制经验,分析了水泥稳定基层沥青路面结构组合设计的重要性,提出了控制水泥稳定基层材料强度限值的建议。     

高速公路旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青面层结构组合设计

结合长潭高速公路旧水泥混凝土路面改造工程,介绍旧水泥混凝土路面上加铺水泥混凝土补强调平层及沥青面层的结构设计方案,讨论其特点,供同行参考。     

关于重交通的陡坡路段以及被矿山包围区沥青路面结构设计问题的思考

针对干线公路交通量大重载车辆多的陡坡路段以及被矿区包围的农村公路网路面早期出现推移和车辙的现象进行了原因分析,并从设计上如何因地置宜地考虑进行探讨和研究。     

板焊前轴壳结构设计及强度校核研究

文章主要介绍了板焊结构前轴壳的设计过程及强度校核方法。首先,根据整车需求设计板焊前轴壳的落差、主销中心距及前轴壳截面尺寸;其次,根据板簧宽度及位置设计板焊前轴壳折弯点及折弯角度,确定折弯处圆弧半径;最后,根据前轴壳结构及受力位置确定危险截面,根据第4强度理论对各个危险截面进行应力分析,确保其满足强度要求。     

政府对港口产业结构的管制效应分析

港口作为一个特殊的基础产业部门,其市场的结构形态也具有一定的特性,为此,本文结合港口产业的基本特点,对港口产业中港口数量及由此形成的市场结构等问题进行了理论探讨。     

近5年中国汽车轻量化进展探究

汽车轻量化已成为节能减排的重要发展趋势.尤其是近5年,随着汽车保有量的急剧增长,作为汽车产销第一大国的中国,石化产品日渐短缺,CO2排放总量持续增加,清洁能源尚未全面普及,解决汽车轻量化更显紧迫和重要.汽车轻量化是一个系统工程,不能单纯考虑减轻汽车整备质量,要在先进设计理念、先进材料、先进制造技术和先进装配工艺各方面进...     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

基于VB二次开发桥博现浇箱梁横梁建模技术

从预应力现浇箱梁的施工特点出发,结合横梁结构的受力特点,介绍了使用VB语言开发建立现浇箱梁横梁计算的构造输入以及钢束输入的图形界面应用程序,通过应用程序生成桥梁博士的DBS脚本文件,并在桥梁博士中装载脚本文件,以快速、便捷的建立预应力现浇梁横梁有限元模型。     

一款牵引车踏梯结构优化

上车踏梯作为一种上车辅助部件,在牵引车零部件模块属不可或缺的构成单元,为了提升客户日常使用及维护满意度,对一款牵引车上车踏梯结构及材质优化改进,经对比分析、验证,优化后产品实现降重60%,且产品结构强度及使用舒适性显著提升。