北京地铁9号线通风空调系统节能示范

作为北京市城市轨道交通节能示范线,在北 京地铁 9 号线实际工程建设中,对通风空调系统运行 模式与自动控制优化、直接蒸发式空调系统、空气—水 通风空调系统以及集成冷冻站等多项节能技术进行探 索与示范应用。通过对这些技术的节能原理、应用方 案以及使用效果的分析与介绍,为今后相关工程的建 设提供技术借鉴与参考。     

城市复杂条件下过江通道桥隧方案比选研究——以宁波市四明路跨奉化江通道为例

随着城市化进程的加快,城市过江通道规划的数量越来越多。在城市建成区内,过江通道的建设条件越来越复杂,通常要处理好过江通道与交通路网、地块开发、地铁建设、河道通航等重要制约因素的之间的关系。过江通道在桥隧形式上各有利弊,以宁波市四明路跨奉化江通道为例,分别研究了桥梁、隧道过江方案的总体布置,桥隧方案与地铁的关系,通过对桥隧方案各自的优缺点进行对比分析,得出了采用桥梁方式过江为最优方案,为类似过江通道工程提供借鉴。     

砂泥岩互层缓倾切向边坡应力特征及变形机理研究

为了更好地分析砂泥岩互层缓倾切向边坡的变形机理情况,以西南某红层边坡为例,基于数值模拟软件建立了软硬互层三维切向地质模型,探讨了边坡开挖、支护后的应力场和位移场。结果表明：砂泥岩互层切向边坡开挖后,边坡XX方向应力和YY方向应力出现了沿切向的锯齿形状,应力分布受岩层切向与互层岩性差异的影响较大,ZZ方向应力几乎不受影响;切向岩层受侧向约束的影响,致使边坡变形出现了层次性,且X方向较为显著,Y方向次之,Z方向最弱;边坡整体变形趋势类似于均质岩坡,呈现圆弧滑动趋势;边坡采用框架锚杆支护,仅起到构造护坡作用,边坡的变形和应力状态并未发生实质性的影响。研究成果对砂泥岩缓倾切向边坡的变形预测和支挡防护具有一定的工程借鉴意义。     

不同动力电池新能源货运配送车辆节能减排绩效评价研究

为研究新能源货运车辆装配不同动力电池对节能减排的影响,选取某款新能源货运配送车辆为研究对象,利用GaBi软件建立了3种常用动力电池的整车生命周期评价模型,从原材料获取、生产制造、装配、运行使用、报废回收5个阶段进行节能减排差异分析,并对全球变暖潜值 （Global Warming Potential,GWP） 等环境影响类型进行归一化处理和量化计算处理。结果表明,分别装配3种电池整车的化石能源消耗以煤炭为主、环境排放以CO2为主;纯电动汽车的能源消耗、污染物排放集中在运行使用阶段;综合比较,装配了三元锂电池的整车,其全生命周期节能减排效果最佳,装配了锰酸锂电池的整车则表现最差。加大清洁能源的使用力度、减少用于电力生产的化石能源消耗、提高回收率等措施,可以显著减少污染物排放。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Regulatory reform and freight mode choice

Reform of trucking Vehicle Weights and Dimensions (VWD) regulations in Canada is now underway. The effect these reforms will have on the freight transportation industry are only recently the subject of research. This paper is part of this new research effort, aimed at understanding how regulatory reform in the trucking sector will affect the existing competitive relationship between trucks and the railways. The paper presents the results of study and research into modelling the relationship between mode choice and the service characteristics that are affected by VWD reform.Using several periods of data, a series of econometric models are developed which help to elucidate the relative relationships between the mode service characteristics for both of the principal interprovincial freight modes. A technique is developed and presented to model railway user costs in order to overcome the complex and often unrepresentable pricing activities of Canadian railways.The strength of the developed econometric models is presented, including their significance and statistical reliability. This is further reinforced by the similarities exhibited by all the models in the series. The selected model is applied to predict market service responses required of the railway industry in order to compete with the trucking sector now adapting to the new regulations.The impact of the newly implemented vehicle weight and dimension reform on the rail transportation industry is analyzed and railway industry improvements aimed at maintaining its market share are presented. The results predicted by the model show that railway user cost reductions should be moderate, and likely less than the level of inflation over the period of time when trucking converts its fleet to take advantage of the new regulations.Abbreviations AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - CCMTA Canadian Conference of Motor Transport Administrators - EPI End products, inedible commodity classification - GVW Gross Vehicle Weight - NA 1988 VWD National Agreement - RTAC Roads and Transportation Association of Canada - VWD Vehicle Weight(s) and Dimension(s) - WA 1988 VWD Western Agreement     

刚柔耦合多体车辆操纵稳定性研究

利用多体动力学方法建立了基于ADAMS软件平台的整车刚柔耦合多体系统操纵动力学仿真分析模型。并分别对多刚体模型和刚柔耦合多体模型进行了“转向盘脉冲输入”、“ISO移线”仿真，分析了构件的柔性对汽车操纵稳定性的评价指标值的影响。     

进气预混甲醇降低柴油机碳烟与NOx排放的影响参数研究

在485QDI自然吸气直喷式柴油机上研究了不同喷嘴、不同供油定时、不同喷醇的起点对进气预混甲醇发动机的碳烟、NOx排放和经济性的影响。研究结果表明，为了降低碳烟和NOx排放以及提高燃油经济性，与燃用纯柴油的发动机相比，进气预混甲醇发动机的柴油喷射定时可以保持不变或稍小，但燃油喷嘴的孔径应适当减小，预混甲醇的发动机负荷起点应适中。     

中重型柴油机满足欧Ⅲ排放法规的认识与对策

简介了欧Ⅲ排放检测标准和满足欧Ⅱ排放法规柴油机的排放达标措施,介绍了几种国外欧Ⅲ样机的排放测试结果,结合我国的实际情况提出了欧Ⅲ柴油机应采用的主要技术措施。     

多功能摊铺机作业参数对道路施工质量的影响

多功能摊铺机熨平工作装置的振捣频率和振幅对摊铺层的平整度和密实度的影响是非常大的。通过对多功能摊铺机实验，针对不同的摊铺材料，调节振捣装置的振捣频率和振幅，实验获取最佳的摊铺作业参数，为多功能摊铺机工作参数设计提供重要的依据。