Measuring the car ownership impact of free-floating car-sharing – A case study in Basel,Switzerland

Free-floating car-sharing schemes operate without fixed car-sharing stations, ahead reservations or return-trip requirements. Providing fast and convenient motorization, they attract both public transport users and (former) car-owners. Thus, their impact on individual travel behavior depends on the user type. Estimating the travel behavior impact of these systems therefore requires quantitative data. Using a two-wave survey approach (shortly after launch of the scheme plus one year later) including travel diaries, this research indicates that (due to their membership) 6% of the free-floating car-sharing customers reduce their private vehicle ownership. Moreover, the results suggest that free-floating car-sharing both complements and competes with station-based car-sharing.     

基于PTC材料加热的柴油喷油器模拟

文章选用居里温度为60℃的陶瓷基PTC材料作为加热元件,利用流体力学计算软件Fluent模拟了两种不同燃油流量下用PTC材料加热柴油的温度场变化。仿真结果表明,利用PTC材料加热可有效提高燃油温度,改善冷启动性能,且随着燃油流量的增加,喷油器出口温度呈下降趋势。     

基于形貌特征的CO2腐蚀速率预测方法

针对CO2腐蚀过程复杂，难以利用实测数据有效预测腐蚀速率问题，文中以腐蚀形貌图像为对象，利用支持向量机（SVM）构建预测模型，实现对CO2腐蚀速率的预测。对N80钢的CO2腐蚀图像进行灰度处理、灰度增强及二值化处理，提取蚀孔数目和孔蚀面积。经计算获得孔蚀密度及孔蚀率，结合工作温度及CO2分压作为腐蚀速率预测的四维特征向量。以SVM构建预测模型，经测试，可准确预测CO2腐蚀速率，并与神经网络预测结果进行对比，验证了该方法的优越性。     

Comparing Fisher Interviews,Logbooks, and Catch Landings Estimates of Extraction Rates in a Small-Scale Fishery

Researchers are turning to alternative data sources (e.g., resource user knowledge) to provide information required for wildlife management. Little is known about the reliability of data elicited from resource users relative to data obtained from user-independent approaches (e.g., observations of fish catches). We test for consensus among three methods that quantify past (1996 to 2007) seahorse catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for a small-scale, data-poor fishery in the Philippines: interviews with fishers about good, bad, and typical catch; fisher logbooks; and observations of catch landings. Interviews and logbooks indicated no trends in CPUE through time, consistent with results from the fisher-independent metric, catch landings. Although interview estimates of “typical” CPUE greatly exceeded “typical” observed catches and logbook estimates, interview estimates of “bad” CPUE were comparable. Catch landings estimates for a fisher in a particular year were uncorrelated to what he reported during retrospective interviews. Interviews should be used cautiously to inform specific catch targets (e.g., total allowable catches), although including interview questions about a range of catch experiences (e.g., good, bad and typical), may improve interview-derived data. Logbooks are particularly useful for capturing information about fishing expeditions that produce no fish, which are largely missed by other methods.     

Performance evaluation of the inside intersection median-turn lane markings on the mobility and safety performance of signalized intersections in the Philippines and Japan

Signalized intersections are one of the key elements that play a vital role at road networks. The efficiency and safety levels of intersections can affect the operational performance of the whole system. In general, turning traffic, especially median-turning, has always been considered as the most problematic movement in the operation of intersections. This becomes more critical with high turning demand where exclusive turning lanes (single or double) can be assigned to provide larger capacities for these movements and to reduce conflicts with through traffic. However, improper treatment of median-turn lanes could create cross-maneuvering behavior which may limit the expected increase in capacity and create safety issues. Median-turning lane markings are commonly provided at intersections in Japan to guide drivers while turning which is expected to reduce the conflicts among turning traffic. Meanwhile, in the Philippines, exclusive median-turn lanes are installed at intersections without proper treatment which may contribute to the low mobility and safety levels. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of inside intersection lane markings on the operation of median-turn lanes in terms of mobility and safety. The vehicle maneuver, speed and interactions between the turning traffic were utilized as essential components for the assessment. The empirical analysis shows that conflicting trajectories were present on double turn lanes without median-turn lane markings in the Philippines, which resulted to serious conflicts among the turning vehicles and negatively influenced the turning speed and saturation flow rate of the turn lanes. On the other hand, the turn lane markings in Japan, provided a positive impact to mobility and safety of the turning lanes. Moreover, it was also found that the geometric characteristics and traffic signal phasing scheme highly affects the capacity and safety condition of signalized intersections.     

蒸汽管道孔口泄放流量工程计算方法探究

常用的蒸汽管道孔口泄放流量计算方法是借助喷管流量计算公式,公式中的进口蒸汽比体积需借助蒸汽热力性质表换算,且低过热度时绝热指数采用经验值,得到的计算值与实际有偏差,此外,传统计算式的形式较为繁琐,这些因素在一定程度上影响了其在工程中的使用。为满足工程需求,完善蒸汽管道孔口泄放流量的工程计算方法,推导出一个适用于蒸汽状态、压力参数多变,便于工程设计分析的更为简便、准确的孔口泄放流量工程计算式,式中涉及的蒸汽状态参数易于测试,采用的温度修正因子则提高了公式在低过热度下使用的准确性。同时,结合工程实例,分析此计算式的使用情况,并认为,完善后的蒸汽管道孔口泄放流量计算式将在蒸汽管道孔口泄放问题中有更为广泛的应用。     

基于FGU的船体变形测量技术中时间延迟补偿方法研究

基于光纤惯性测量单元(Fiber Gyro Unit,简称FGU)的角速率匹配法是船体变形测量技术的发展方向,但是在实际应用中两套测量单元之间存在时间延迟,会影响船体变形测量精度。该文分析了时间延迟的产生机理以及时间延迟对变形估计的影响。并基于二阶马尔科夫模型对船体变形建模,建立卡尔曼滤波状态方程和量测方程,提出了一种时间延迟补偿方法,将时间延迟扩充为状态量,对其进行实时的估计和补偿。最后通过仿真并结合实船试验数据,对比分析了时间延迟补偿前后的变形估计效果,验证了此方法的有效性。     

Optimal Age Replacement Policy with Replacement Occurrence While the Warranty is in Effect

This study considers an age replacement policy(ARP) for a repairable product with an increasing failure rate with and without a product warranty. As for the warranty policy to consider in association with such an age replacement policy, we adapt a renewable minimal repair-replacement warrant(MRRW) policy with 2D factors of failure time of the product and its corresponding repair time. The expected cost rate during the life cycle of the product is utilized as a criterion to find the optimal policies for both with and without the product warranty. We determine the optimal replacement age that minimizes the objective function which evaluates the expected cost rate during the product cycle and investigate the impact of several factors on the optimal replacement age. The main objective of this study lies on the generalization of the classical age replacement policy to the situation where a renewable warranty depending on 2D factors is in effect. We present some interesting observations regarding the effect of relevant factors based on numerical analysis.     

高原公路连续驾驶时间对驾驶员疲劳影响的分析

为研究在高原公路上行车时连续驾驶时间对驾驶员疲劳的影响,在帕米尔高原典型高原公路上进行行车试验。利用生物反馈仪,采集驾驶员连续驾驶过程中心率与心率变异指标。通过定性、定量相结合的方法分析连续驾驶时间对驾驶员疲劳的影响。研究结果表明:驾驶员在高原公路上连续驾驶70min左右会呈现疲劳状态。     

Oracle RAC和Times Ten性能研究

依据吞吐率这个性能评价指标,基于TPC-C测试基准,使用Swingbench对Oracle的RAC和Times Ten产品进行了性能测试,并对测试数据进行统计学分析。结果表明:RAC的性能与RAC节点数之间有极高的相关性,不同复制技术下的Times Ten性能有显著差异,其中基于读写分离的Times Ten有10倍单节结点RAC的吞吐率均值,性能最好。