高速公路特长隧道对驾驶人的影响

为研究驾驶人在特长隧道中心理、生理和驾驶行为的变化规律,进行了实际道路试验.试验采用多导生理记录仪实时记录行车过程中驾驶人心率,微波速度传感器测量记录车速度变化.将特长隧道分为人口段、行车段和出口段,分别研究不同路段中驾驶人心率和车速的变化规律及对应关系.结果表明:驾驶人在高速公路特长隧道人口段行驶时,心率增加,心理紧...     

温拌及热拌沥青混合料降温特性分析

为研究热拌及温拌沥青混合料降温特性,采用车辙板试件进行试验,分别在110℃和130℃初始温度条件下,测试热拌沥青混合料、“路博”温拌沥青混合料和“Sasobit”温拌沥青混合料的降温特性,试验结果表明:混合料初始温度越高,降温速率越快,初始温度为110℃和130℃的车辙板经25 min后温度接近,分别为66℃和68℃;...     

混合动力汽车CAN网络通信协议的应用研究

针对混合动力汽车动力系统通信需求和控制策略,提出了基于CAN总线的控制系统拓扑结构,开发了该系统的CAN总线通信协议;研究了协议中优先级分配、单帧与多帧标识、数据长度与帧编号确定和重要报文应答机制等.应用CANoe软件对3种情况下的网络总线负载率进行仿真对比并通过RMA方法对网络实时性能进行测试.结果表明,该系统网络负...     

缸内直喷汽油机可变配气实现SICI组合燃烧方式的试验研究

在一台装有双凸轮和可变正时机构的4缸直喷汽油机上进行了内部EGR率对理论空燃比下SICI模式的燃烧和排放影响的试验研究.结果表明,在小升程凸轮下,负气门重叠(NVO)角度在150°～50°CA范围内时,能够实现稳定的SICI燃烧.随着NVO角度的减小,内部EGR率减小,SICI燃烧的稳定范围向高负荷拓展,最佳点火角推迟...     

增压式高压共轨系统建模研究

介绍了增压式高压共轨系统的重要部件电控增压泵的结构及其数学、物理原理,使用simulink软件建立了系统仿真模型.计算了系统的动态特性以及主要结构参数对工作性能的影响.研究结果表明:控制室进油节流孔和出油节流孔尺寸对增压泵特性有重要影响;控制室客积对增压效果影响不明显.     

Evidence of convective instability in congested traffic flow: A systematic empirical and theoretical investigation

An extended open system such as traffic flow is said to be convectively unstable if perturbations of the stationary state grow but propagate in only one direction, so they eventually leave the system. By means of data analysis, simulations, and analytical calculations, we give evidence that this concept is relevant for instabilities of congested traffic flow. We analyze detector data from several hundred traffic jams and propose estimates for the linear growth rate, the wavelength, the propagation velocity, and the severity of the associated bottleneck that can be evaluated semi-automatically. Scatter plots of these quantities reveal systematic dependencies. On the theoretical side, we derive, for a wide class of microscopic and macroscopic traffic models, analytical criteria for convective and absolute linear instabilities. Based on the relative positions of the stability limits in the fundamental diagram, we divide these models into five stability classes which uniquely determine the set of possible elementary spatiotemporal patterns in open systems with a bottleneck. Only two classes, both dominated by convective instabilities, are compatible with observations. By means of approximate solutions of convectively unstable systems with sustained localized noise, we show that the observed spatiotemporal phenomena can also be described analytically. The parameters of the analytical expressions can be inferred from observations, and also (analytically) derived from the model equations.     

金属疲劳裂纹扩展速率的贝叶斯正则化BP神经网络预测

人工神经网络是进行预报裂纹扩展率的一个重要方法。文章针对不同金属的疲劳裂纹扩展速率分别建立贝叶斯正则化BP(Back Propagation)神经网络,将各材料在不同应力比R下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验数据分为两部分,一部分用来进行训练网络,另一部分用来测试训练好的网络,检验其泛化能力。将从文献中获取的4种不同金属材料的疲劳试验数据作为算例,来检验网络的性能。计算结果表明贝叶斯正则化BP神经网络不仅对训练样本有很好的拟合能力,而且对于未训练过的测试样本也有较好的预测能力,即有较强的泛化能力。同时,指出了建立网络时减少门槛值附近的试验样本点,可以提高网络的预测能力。研究结果表明,该方法可以方便地获得不同应力比R下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,从而达到减少试验次数,充分利用已有数据的目的。并且可以进一步应用于其他金属的疲劳裂纹扩展速率的预报。     

汕头港广澳港区防波堤工程波浪输沙及对濠江河口影响研究

依据外海1 a期波浪观测资料,采用沿岸输沙公式及波浪数学模型方法对海湾内波浪沿岸输沙及岸线变形情况进行研究。计算结果表明,防波堤工程实施后,改变了濠江河口附近原有波浪动力条件和净输沙方向,西侧岬湾两头将发生淤积,岬湾中部发生侵蚀,约5 a后,岸线将会与河口西侧的两个小岛相连,形成连岛沙堤。     

水下多智能体系统快速编队控制

针对水下多智能体系统在无向网络下的快速编队问题,提出基于智能体当前和过去状态的快速编队控制算法。利用矩阵理论和频域分析法,得到该算法能使系统快速编队的过去状态区间。仿真示例验证了其有效性。     

Modeling road traffic fatalities in India: Smeed's law,time invariance and regional specificity

Mathematical formulations linking road traffic fatalities to vehicle ownership, regional population, and economic growth continue to be developed against the backdrop of Smeed and Andreassen models. Though a few attempts were made, Smeed's law has not been fully tested in India. Using the 1991–2009 panel data from all states, this work (a) developed the generalized Smeed and Andreassen models; (b) evaluated if traffic fatalities were impacted by structural changes; and (c) examined if – in relation to the generalized model – the individual (time and regional) models are more relevant for application. Seven models (Smeed: original, generalized, time-variant, state-variant; and Andreassen: generalized, time-variant, state-variant) were developed and tested for fit with the actual data. Results showed that the per vehicle fatality rate closely resembled Smeed's formulation. Chow-test yielded a significant F-stat, suggesting that the models for four pre-defined time-blocks are structurally different from the 19-year generalized model. The counterclockwise rotation of the log-linear form also suggested lower fatality rates. While the new government policies, reduced vehicle operating speeds, better healthcare, and improved vehicle technology could be the factors, further research is required to understand the reasons for fatality rate reductions. The intercept and gradients of the time-series models showed high stability and varied only slightly in comparison to the 19-year generalized models, thus suggesting that the latter are pragmatic for application. Regional formulations, however, indicate that they may be more relevant for studying trends and tendencies. This research illustrates the robustness of Smeed's law, and provides evidence for time-invariance but state-specificity.