Mobility and environment improvement of signalized networks through Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications

Traffic signals, even though crucial for safe operations of busy intersections, are one of the leading causes of travel delays in urban settings, as well as the reason why billions of gallons of fuel are burned, and tons of toxic pollutants released to the atmosphere each year by idling engines. Recent advances in cellular networks and dedicated short-range communications make Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications a reality, as individual cars and traffic signals can now be equipped with communication and computing devices. In this paper, we first presented an integrated simulator with V2I, a car-following model and an emission model to simulate the behavior of vehicles at signalized intersections and calculate travel delays in queues, vehicle emissions, and fuel consumption. We then present a hierarchical green driving strategy based on feedback control to smooth stop-and-go traffic in signalized networks, where signals can disseminate traffic signal information and loop detector data to connected vehicles through V2I communications. In this strategy, the control variable is an individual advisory speed limit for each equipped vehicle, which is calculated from its location, signal settings, and traffic conditions. Finally, we quantify the mobility and environment improvements of the green driving strategy with respect to market penetration rates of equipped vehicles, traffic conditions, communication characteristics, location accuracy, and the car-following model itself, both in isolated and non-isolated intersections. In particular, we demonstrate savings of around 15% in travel delays and around 8% in fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Different from many existing ecodriving strategies in signalized road networks, where vehicles’ speed profiles are totally controlled, our strategy is hierarchical, since only the speed limit is provided, and vehicles still have to follow their leaders. Such a strategy is crucial for maintaining safety with mixed vehicles.     

Connected vehicle penetration rate for estimation of arterial measures of effectiveness

The Connected Vehicle (CV) technology is a mobile platform that enables a new dimension of data exchange among vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. This data source could improve the estimation of Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) for traffic operations in real-time, allowing to perfectly monitor traffic states after being fully adopted. However, as with any novel technology, the CV adoption will be a gradual process. This research focuses on determining minimum CV technology penetration rates that would guarantee accurate MOE estimates on signalized arterials. First, we present estimation methods for various MOEs such as average speed, number of stops, acceleration noise, and delay, followed by an initial assessment of the penetration rates required to accurately estimate them in undersaturated and oversaturated conditions. Next, we propose a methodology to determine the minimum CV market penetration rates to guarantee accurate MOE estimates as a function of traffic conditions, signal settings, sampling duration, and the MOE variability. A correction factor is also provided to account for small vehicle populations where sampling is done without replacement. The methodology is tested in a simulated segment of the San Pablo Avenue arterial in Berkeley, CA. The outcomes show that the minimum penetration rate required can be estimated within 1% for most MOEs under a wide range of traffic conditions. The proposed methodology can be used to determine if MOE estimates obtained with a portion of CV equipped vehicles can yield accurate enough results. The methodology could also be used to develop and assess control strategies towards improved arterial traffic operations.     

集装箱堆场减少倒箱率方法研究

从集装箱堆场常见的倒箱原因进行分析，辅以实例利用搜索技术理论提出了出口箱箱位的合理分配以及减少倒箱率的措施。重点对集装箱堆场系统的优化进行了研究。     

陕西省6岁和12岁儿童患龋情况调查分析

对陕西省城乡２０４２名６岁儿童及２０５６名１２岁儿童进行了患龋情况的调查。结果表明：６岁儿童乳牙龋均和患龋车男女间无显著性差异；１２岁儿童恒牙龋均和患龋中女性明显高于男性；城市）Ｌ童乳恒牙龋均和患龋率均较农村儿童显著升高。与本省１９８３年的资料比较，虽然有些指标已达到ＷＨＯ所要求的目标，但城市儿童乳牙患塘中较高。提示今后应进一步加强城市学龄前儿童的口腔预防保健工作。     

基于业务的SNCP在寿平铁路的应用

通信系统的建设遵循技术成熟、经济适用、同时满足发展需要的原则,网络结构满足运营维护管理体制的要求,传输系统必须具备较高的网络保护和恢复能力。基于寿平铁路通信传输系统组网及益羊线既有运营维护管理体制,本次工程通信传输系统组网旨在保证业务的高度可靠。通过参照子网连接保护(SNCP)已广泛用于传输系统的组网案例,其适用于各种网络拓扑结构,倒换速度快,可实时切换工作通道和保护通道。为此,选用基于业务的SNCP作为本线传输系统的网络保护方式,以双发选收的原则保证通信传输业务的高度可靠,并在优化网络结构的同时,一定程度上提高益羊线传输系统的通道利用率。     

早期复极综合症心率变异性改变

观察了３１例早期复极综合症（ＥａｒｌｙｒｅＰｏｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ，ＥＲＳ）Ａ２９例正常对照组·Ｃ率变异（Ｈｅａｒｔｒａｔｅｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙ，ＨＲＶ）五个时域指标的改变。结果发现，ＥＲＳ组相邻正常Ｒ－Ｒ问期差值的均万根ＧｅｑｕａｒｅｒｏｏｔｄｔｈｅｍｅａｎｓｑｕａｒｅｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｄＳｕｅ－ｃｅｓｓｉｖｅＮＮｉｎｔｅｒｖａｌｓ，ｒＭＳＳＤ）及相邻Ｗ常Ｒ－Ｒ问期至值大于５０ｍｓｉ６数占总Ｒ－Ｒ间期数的百分比（ＰｒｏＰｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆＮＮ　ｉｎｔｅｒｖａｌｇｒｅａｔｅｒｔｈａｎ５０ｍｓ，ＰＮＮｓ。）较对照增高，其余指标无明显差异。提示ＥＲＳ存在到交感神经活性增高。ＥＲＳ·Ｏ率变异的特征性改变对于该症的诊断及鉴别诊断具有一定意义。     

柴油发电机组带脉冲负载非线性度评价方法研究

对于以柴油发电机组为主要电源的独立小容量电力系统,负载的脉冲功率特性将导致系统电压波形严重畸变和频率剧烈波动,干扰其它负载工作,影响设备正常运行,甚至引起系统保护跳闸.本文在系统交流频率、电压相对偏差率和直流电压波动率的基础上,提出了系统非线性度指标及其计算方法.试验结果表明,当脉冲负载工作占空比低于0.4时,系统非线...     

MQAM原理及其在EDSL系统中的应用

概述多电平正交振幅调制(MQAM)调制解调的一般原理,介绍一种能有效提高频谱利用率的变速率调制技术,并论述它在EDSL系统中的具体应用.通过比较QAM和DMT两种方案,说明EDSL系统采用QAM技术的原因.     

两部定价法在收费公路中的模型研究

收费公路是准公共产品,其收费定价脱离不了公共经济学的定价范畴。从公共经济学的角度,论述两部定价法在收费公路中的优势,明确成本归属,建立了两部定价模型。该模型具有操作性强、公平合理的特点,且能够有效抑制车辆超载、超重现象,体现了合理收费费率的三大原则。