提高轻烃回收率的方法

针时负压法油稳定装置原设计不配套、轻烃回收率较低等问题,完善了原油稳定配套工艺,提高了轻烃回收率。通过增加外冷却系统,解决了原系统冷却量不足的问题;通过对原油稳定塔进行改装,采用尾气气提技术,提高了稳定塔效率,改善了压缩机的运行状况;通过采用进塔温度控制、系统参数调控和生产工艺流程合理调配等方法,提高了轻烃回收率和综合效益。     

车站能力计算方法分析

车站能力的计算不仅是车站技术管理的重要内容,也是制定列车编组计划、列车运行图、技术计划和运输方案的重要依据。在分析车站能力计算方法优缺点的基础上,应用排队理论,将车站看成一个复杂的排队系统,建立排队模型,结合车站固定设备和列车到发间隔数据,计算各子系统的数量指标,最后计算出车站能力,为铁路车站日常运输生产和车站改扩建提供可靠依据。     

调频式钢轨阻尼器安装偏差对钢轨振动衰减率的影响

为提高调频式钢轨阻尼器的减振降噪作用,本文基于谱元法建立简化计算模型,推导出钢轨单元的谱传递矩阵,再用BLOCH定理计算出钢轨振动衰减率。通过计算安装调频式钢轨阻尼器前后钢轨的振动衰减率,分析调频式钢轨阻尼器对钢轨振动衰减率的影响,并计算对比调频式钢轨阻尼器安装偏差的影响。结果表明:调频式钢轨阻尼器能大幅度提高自身工作频率附近的振动衰减率,在300,1 700 Hz附近均出现新的带隙,且钢轨一阶Pinned-pinned共振频率附近的带隙被拓宽,相应的衰减率峰值也得到提高;调频式钢轨阻尼器安装偏差会对500 Hz以上高频部分的振动衰减率产生影响,对500 Hz以内的几乎不会产生影响。     

倒摆的多速率最优调节器设计

给出一种多速率最优调节器的时不变单速率设计法，采用“提升”技术，把多速率系统的设计问题转变成了单速率系统的设计问题。采用这种方法对控制界的一个典型问题－倒摆小车的控制问题进行了研究，计算机仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

河床变形计算方法的若干改进

根据泥沙交换原理 ,对河床变形计算方法进行了若干改进。改进的内容包括 :冲刷条件下悬移质扩散方程的修正 ;非均匀沙水流挟沙能力的确定 ;推移质有效输沙率的确定以及时间和空间计算步长的确定原则等。     

Promoting carsharing attractiveness and efficiency: An exploratory analysis

Carsharing has grown significantly over recent years. Understanding factors related to the usage and turnover rate of shared cars will help promote the growth of carsharing programs. This study sets station-based shared car booking requests and turnover rates as learning objectives, by which generalized additive mixed models are employed to examine various effects. The results are: (1) stations with more parking spaces, longer business hours and fewer nearby stations are likely to receive more booking requests and have a higher turnover rate; (2) an area with a higher population density, a higher percentage of adults, a higher percentage of males, a greater road density, or more mixed land use is associated with more car usage and a higher turnover rate; (3) stations nearby transit hubs, colleges, and shopping centers attract more shared car users; (4) shared cars are often oversupplied at transit hubs; (5) both transit proximity and housing price present high degrees of nonlinearity in relation to shared car usage and turnover rates. Findings provide evidence for optimizing the usage and efficiency of carsharing programs: carsharing companies should identify underserved areas to initiate new businesses; carsharing seems more competitive in a distance to a bus stop between 1.2 km and 2.4 km, and carsharing is more effectively served in areas with constraints in accessing metro services; carsharing should be optimally discouraged at transit hubs to avoid the oversupply of shared cars; local authorities should develop a location-based and geographically differentiated quota in managing carsharing programs.     

Designing optimal autonomous vehicle sharing and reservation systems: A linear programming approach

Autonomous vehicle (AV) technology holds great promise for improving the efficiency of traditional vehicle sharing systems. In this paper, we investigate a new vehicle sharing system using AVs, referred to as autonomous vehicle sharing and reservation (AVSR). In such a system, travelers can request AV trips ahead of time and the AVSR system operator will optimally arrange AV pickup and delivery schedules and AV trip chains based on these requests. A linear programming model is proposed to efficiently solve for optimal solutions for AV trip chains and required fleet size through constructed AVSR networks. Case studies show that AVSR can significantly increase vehicle use rate (VUR) and consequentially reduce vehicle ownership significantly. In the meantime, it is found that the actual vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in AVSR systems is not significantly more than that of conventional taxis, despite inevitable empty hauls for vehicle relocation in AVSR systems. The results imply huge potential benefits from AVSR systems on improving mobility and sustainability of our current transportation systems.     

Is in-cabin exposure to carbon monoxide and fine particulate matter amplified by the vehicle’s self-pollution potential? Quantifying the rate of exhaust intrusion

In-cabin exposure has increased in recent years due to longer commute and/or prolonged times in cars. The intrusion of the vehicle’s own exhaust into the passenger’s compartment has been recognized as a process that amplifies in-cabin passenger exposure. Quantifying its contribution is hampered by uncertainties associated with its measurement method such as trace tests and the lack of data regarding certain critical physical parameters, particularly those pertaining to air exchange rate (AER) and particulate matter deposition rate (DR). In this study, we present a hybrid methodology combining field measurements with a single-zone mass balance to estimate these parameters as well as the source term that represents vehicle self-pollution. In- and out-vehicle carbon monoxide (CO) and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) were monitored concurrently in test vehicles under idle and moving conditions using several common ventilation modes. In addition to defining a hybrid methodology to characterize the underlying physical parameters, this study found that vehicle self-pollution can account for approximately 15 and 30% of CO and PM_2.5 exposure experienced by vehicle occupants respectively. Vehicle self-exhaust intrusion may constitute a significant PM exposure route for vehicle-based occupations or commuters with prolonged time in vehicles.     

Impact of license plate restriction policy on emission reduction in Hangzhou using a bottom-up approach

Many emission models have been developed for estimating the impact of transport policies on vehicle emissions. Macroscopic models, such as MOBILE and COPERT, are used for area analysis, while microscopic models, such as CMEM, are applied for corridor analysis. It is well known that driving dynamics are critical for estimating vehicle emissions. MOVES can be used for both macroscopic and microscopic emission analysis, and its advantage lies in the consideration of driving dynamics. Using a bottom-up approach, we study the impact of license plate restriction policy on vehicle emission reduction by localizing the emission rates in MOVES according to the vehicle emission standards in China. We implement the approach to evaluate the impact on the total vehicle emissions in Hangzhou, China before and after the implementation of license plate restriction policy. In the restricted region, the reductions of total Vehicle Kilometer Traveled (VKT) and total emissions are 9.6% and 6.9%, respectively. The result shows that the license plate restriction policy is effective in achieving the targeted emission reduction.     

外汇汇率时间序列静态属性的抽取

为了能够使用现有的数据挖掘技术(例如粗糙集)对外汇汇率时间序列进行数据挖掘,必须从外汇汇率时间序列数据中抽取决定时间序列行为发展趋势的静态属性.针对外汇汇率时间序列的特殊性,给出了时间序列静态属性抽取技术的几个关键步骤,完成了从外汇汇率时间序列中抽取出静态属性,最后利用这些静态属性组成的数据库,实现了对外汇汇率时间序列比较准确的预测.