一种双组分锌盐表调剂的研究

开发一种双组分锌盐液体表调剂.通过配套磷化后的膜重和微观形貌考察了 PA-Z的表调能力,以及水质、PA-Z(A)和PA-Z(B)用量对表调能力的影响,表调槽液寿命.结果表明,PA-Z表调能力强;水质(电导率8～320 μs/cm)对表调能力影响小;PA-Z(A)用量1.25～2.5 g/L,PA-Z(B)剂用量1.2～...     

磨削淬火技术的温度场仿真研究

目前对磨削淬火的研究,多采用实验的方法,通过大量的实验来制定合适的工艺参数,但由于磨削加工的复杂性,常使得实验研究带有一定的偶然性和盲目性.文中对影响磨削淬火工艺的关键因素——温度场,利用有限元方法进行了仿真研究,得到了磨削温度场的等温线图和工件各处的温度变化历程,预测了工件表层是否发生马氏体相变及相变层厚度,并进行了实验验证.研究表明,磨削淬火技术可以替代常规表面淬火工艺,利用磨削温度场仿真技术可以减少实验量、节省实验费用.     

Lengthscales of motions that control air–water gas transfer in grid-stirred turbulence

The relationship between the gas transfer velocity and turbulent lengthscales is investigated experimentally in a grid-stirred turbulent flow. The horizontal velocity field at the water surface is measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The gas transfer velocity for oxygen is obtained through reaeration experiments. In addition, the gas transfer process by surface-renewal eddies is visualized using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique, in which carbon dioxide is used as the tracer gas. The definition of the Taylor microscale holds that the root-mean-square (RMS) of the surface divergence is expressed by the square root of the turbulent kinetic energy divided by the Taylor microscale. Experimentally obtained data support this scaling. They show the gas transfer velocity to be proportional to the square root of the RMS of the surface divergence. These experimental results imply that the Taylor microscale is an important parameter for gas transfer velocity at the air–water interface. These relations indicate that a nondimensional gas transfer velocity is proportional to the − 1/4 power of a turbulent-macroscale Reynolds number, which is similar to a small-eddy model, assuming that turbulent eddies with the Kolmogorov scale control the gas transfer process. However, this Reynolds number dependence does not necessarily mean the superiority of turbulent eddies with the Kolmogorov scale in the gas transfer. The LIF visualizations in horizontal and vertical planes close to the air–water interface indicate that the horizontal CO₂-concentration field has a fine spatial pattern, which resembles that of the surface divergence field, and that surface-renewal motions observed in the vertical plane have a larger lengthscale than the Kolmogorov scale. We infer from both PIV and LIF results that the Taylor microscale is an important lengthscale for air–water gas transfer.     

重要零件表面品质检测手段的提升和应用

在以批量生产为特征的汽车零部件行业,凸轮轴、万向节、轴承、气门和活塞销等重要零件的表面品质是产品质量的一项重要指标,但传统的测试方法却难以满足准确和快速检测的要求。文章对零件的表面品质及其惯用检测手段进行了描述,着重推出了一种新颖和高效的磨削烧伤检测方法——磁弹法。文章介绍了这种方法的工作原理,以及在这基础上研制的专用仪器的基本结构和组成,叙述了应用磁弹法时的评定特征值mp和仪器的定标,并通过所举实例予以说明。     

Two-dimensional numerical simulation of water splash phenomena with and without surface tension

Two-dimensional numerical analyses were conducted and analyzed to simulate water splash produced by free falling object models starting from the resting position. The equilateral prism-shaped object models were allowed to fall onto the free surface of the water. The moving-particle semi-implicit (MPS) method was used to solve the unsteady Navier-Stokes equation for incompressible fluid flows with and without the surface tension effect. Froude numbers of 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 were used with different model sizes for the entry velocity at the free surface. Splashes obtained by numerical computation closely agreed with the experimental results. The surface tension force, the Froude number, and the Weber number were found in these calculations to play major roles in determining various types of splash shapes. Model size was found to influence splash phenomena, even if the Froude number remained the same. The dependencies on these two nondimensional numbers and the fundamental law of similarity on water splash with and without the surface tension effect were thoroughly investigated in this research. Several two-dimensional numerical simulations are presented in this article to describe the hydrodynamic behaviors of water splash with and without the surface tension effect.     

Northern Adriatic Sea surface circulation and temperature/pigment fields in September and October 1997

Satellite images of surface chlorophyll-a concentration measured by the sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) and of sea surface temperature derived from advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) measurements, combined with in-situ drifter measurements of surface currents, and ancillary wind, Po River discharge and surface salinity data, are used to describe the surface dynamics in the northern Adriatic during the period September–October 1997.The satellite observations revealed very complex mesoscale dynamics, with time scales of a day or two and length scales of about 10 km, including the meandering and instability of basin-scale currents (e.g., the western coastal layer), jets/filaments and eddies. In addition, the two typical patterns of the Po River plume are observed and qualitatively explained in terms of wind forcing. A basin-wide double gyre pattern spreads the rich runoff water across most of the northern Adriatic from mid-September to early October, following Bora wind events and under stratified sea conditions. In contrast, in late October the Po plume is confined to the coast due to weaker winds and de-stratified conditions. This variability in the Po River plume extension is also confirmed by in-situ salinity measurements.     

客车彩条喷涂的探讨

针对客车装饰彩条的图案纷繁复杂且颜色我样，面漆光泽度、硬度等漆面性能指标要求越来越高的情况，具体从涂装材料，工艺流程两方面对涂质量加以改进，提高了装饰彩条的喷涂设备。     

基于回转密封表面微观构造缺陷所导致的功能失效及其监控

回转轴密封面的微观构造缺陷会引起动力总成类产品内腔的工作介质外泄,从而因功能失效造成严重的质量问题。从回转密封表面微观结构的形貌特征出发,对工作介质外泄成因做了说明,描述了利用表面轮廓仪、悬线法及白光测量等3种检测方案用于评定回转密封面螺线状态的测量方法。     

竞赛帆船龙骨盒结构优化设计

龙骨盒是竞赛帆船特有的结构,其功能是维持压载龙骨竖直升降,因其为帆船主要受力构件之一,实际使用中易损坏,提高龙骨盒强度是企业和艇主亟须解决的问题。通过水动力分析获得龙骨盒结构响应,运用多级优化对龙骨盒帽型材和桅杆作用区域进行形状、尺寸优化和铺层顺序优化。优化结果显示,基于响应面法和遗传算法的多级优化降低75.92%的龙骨盒整体应变能和提高29.40%的铺层强度比,该方法对提升龙骨盒强度和承载能力具有实用和借鉴意义。     

浅谈铁路信号户外机柜结构设计中应考虑的问题

铁路信号户外机柜主要应用于轨道旁，工作环境恶劣，因此铁路信号户外机柜设计必须从结构设计、制造工艺以及设备功能方面，考虑对机柜采取有效的防护措施，确保信号设备在恶劣的户外环境中能够正常工作。本文阐述了铁路信号户外机柜的结构设计中必须考虑的关键问题。