Biochemical composition of marine sediment from the eastern Weddell Sea (Antarctica): High nutritive value in a high benthic-biomass environment

Within the SCAR's international EASIZ programme, as part of the benthic–pelagic coupling experiment, grain size and organic matter contents in marine surface sediment were measured. Samples were taken during the austral autumn of 2000 from 3 regions in the eastern Weddell Sea: Kapp Norvegia, Four Seasons Bank, and Austasen.In general, sediments were fine sand with a grain size fraction < 200 μm representing more than 40% of the total weight. The sediments from Four Seasons Bank (64 to 107 m depth) were coarser than those from Austasen and Kapp Norvegia (209 to 480 m depth), presumably due to winnowing of fine sediment at shallow depths. Organic carbon (OC) content ranged from 0.25% to 1.2% and constituted 10% to 97% of the total carbon. The samples from Kapp Norvegia presented the highest OC values. Overall, protein (PRT), lipid (LPD), and carbohydrate (CHO) contents were similar to those in sediment from cold regions (e.g., the North Atlantic and the Ross Sea) but higher than those in sediment from other Antarctic and more septentrional regions (e.g., the Ross Sea and the Mediterranean). The difference within the Antarctic is explained through the local conditions in Terra Nova Bay and Kapp Norvegia. In the Antarctic, PRT and LPD carbon were the main contributors to the biopolymeric carbon (BPC). In the eastern Weddell Sea shelf, the BPC accounted for more than 90% of the OC in most of the samples. More than 82% of the total PRT, LPD, and CHO were present in the fraction < 200 μm. This work remarks the existence of sediments with a high nutritional value persistent several weeks after the spring–summer pulse of fresh organic matter. It is also highlighted the high potential availability of these sediments (due to its grain size) for the benthic communities inhabiting this high-latitude continental shelf.     

CW-2系列转向架轴箱定位节点垂向刚度研究

介绍了CW—2系列转向架运用中出现的故障,结合轴箱定位结构分析了定位节点刚度较大带来的问题,并得出定位节点垂向刚度较大也是导致转向架出现较多运营可靠性问题的初步结论。利用动力学分析软件,计算了不同节点定位刚度对轮轨垂向力、构架垂向振动、节点处动态垂向力和车辆其他动力学性能的影响趋势,以TGV高速列车的2种转向架的试验比较进行了验证。     

Assessment of the influence of the elastic properties of rail vehicle suspensions on safety,ride quality and track fatigue

A sensitivity analysis has been performed to assess the influence of the elastic properties of railway vehicle suspensions on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. To do this, 144 dynamic simulations were performed modifying, one at a time, the stiffness and damping coefficients, of the primary and secondary suspensions. Three values were assigned to each parameter, corresponding to the percentiles 10, 50 and 90 of a data set stored in a database of railway vehicles. After processing the results of these simulations, the analysed parameters were sorted by increasing influence. It was also found which of these parameters could be estimated with a lesser degree of accuracy in future simulations without appreciably affecting the simulation results. In general terms, it was concluded that the highest influences were found for the longitudinal stiffness and the lateral stiffness of the primary suspension, and the lowest influences for the vertical stiffness and the vertical damping of the primary suspension, with the parameters of the secondary suspension showing intermediate influences between them.     

客运专线无砟轨道系统设计

根据我国客运专线的工程特点,无砟轨道结构选型应遵循施工性、维护性、动力性、适应性和经济性的5个基本原则,并给出2类无砟轨道的性能.在研究确定无砟轨道设计理论和原则的基础上,建议设计轮重取静轮重的3倍、疲劳检算轮重取静轮重的1.5倍.板式无砟轨道不同弹性模量的砂浆垫层对轨下基础刚度的影响不同,建议研发新型填充层材料.合理确定无砟轨道的弹性,建议轨下基础刚度的合理范围为20～30kN·mm-1.通过定期打磨钢轨和钢轨无缝化,降低噪音;通过降低轨道刚度、提高轨道参振质量,降低线路下部结构物的振动.无砟轨道的设计寿命应为60年,为此应制定相应的维修标准和管理办法.     

ANSYS在东风EQ140汽车车架刚度分析中的应用

应用ANSYS软件,完成了东风EQ140型汽车车架的刚度分析过程。通过建模、加载、解算及后处理等一系列步骤获得车架的扭转变形及应力,揭示出车架横梁在后桥支撑点存在扭转变形最大的问题,为车架的优化设计提供了重要依据。     

加筋板的双重非线性分析

本文综合工程实际的需要,对船体加筋板结构进行了双重非线性有限元分析。采用Prandtl-Reuss流动理论,具体导出了加筋板在双重非线性状态下理想弹-塑性和强化材料的单元刚度矩阵;用增量切线刚度法-迭代法相结合的混合解法来提高求解精度;对单剛、等效节点力的计算,均采用Gauss积分法和进行分层精度判别来节约机时和内存。     

基于有限元的缸孔变形量分析

在发动机工作过程中,缸套的变形直接影响到气缸套与活塞环间的间隙以及缸套与缸盖间的密封性,从而导致机油消耗增加、产生窜漏、增加损耗和燃油消耗。为了避免这些问题,文章采用有限元方法重点分析预紧力作用下的气缸套失圆问题。结果表明,发动机第1缸和第4缸的变形量过大。通过增加壁厚很好地解决了此问题,说明有限元分析可以在设计初期解决缸孔变形的问题。     

某自卸车转向与悬架干涉的ADAMS校核和优化设计

汽车设计中通常采用平面作图法校核转向与悬架干涉量,但该方法有一定缺点。本文结合某自卸车的方案布置,探索运用ADAMS/View软件对转向与悬架干涉量进行校核和优化设计的方法。以车轮跳动引起的转向与悬架干涉量最小为优化目标,对转向垂臂的布置位置进行了优化,并对制动引起的转向与悬架干涉量进行了校核。按照优化结果进行布置,可得到理想的转向、悬架协调运动关系。     

基于分形理论的气缸套磨损表面特征形貌表征

基于分形维数和多重分形谱理论,以不同工况下镀铬气缸套—PVD活塞环摩擦磨损试验试样为对象,通过三维共聚焦激光扫描显微镜获取磨损表面的二维灰度图像,并将其转化成黑白二值图像,采用盒维数法测算缸套磨损表面的分形维数,运用多重分形谱测算谱宽度,定量表征气缸套磨损表面的形貌特征和表面的高度均一性。结果表明,气缸套磨损表面具有明显的分形特征,且为一重分形。表面越粗糙,分形维数越小,分形谱宽度值越大。