高速公路填石路堤压实质量控制方法

以京福高速填石路堤为例,研究了高速公路填石路堤压实质量控制技术,指出了目前各种压实质量控制方法的优缺点及其适用条件,提出了填石路堤压实质量控制方法和标准.     

基于微型智能传感器的汽车轮胎压力监控系统

介绍了基于微型智能传感器的直接式轮胎压力监控系统的构成和原理,并讨论了微型传感器数据的读取、微机械加工等关键技术。     

岩-土复合地层暗挖隧道施工引起地表沉降计算方法

考虑岩层与土层2种介质力学性质的差异性,基于随机介质理论,建立双层介质计算模型,推导岩-土复合地层暗挖隧道施工引起地表沉降分步计算公式;明确椭圆形隧道断面不均匀收敛区域积分的上下限;计算岩-土分界面的沉降曲线,将曲线与岩-土分界面所围成的区域视为"不等厚开挖",确定该区域积分的上下限,并给出岩、土层中主要影响角及断面收缩半径的计算方法。以贵阳地铁2号线诚-观区间暗挖隧道为工程背景,对比分析分层计算值、不分层计算值与现场实测值之间的吻合度。结果表明:将隧道上覆地层划分为岩层和土层2部分的计算值与实测值较为吻合,其最大沉降值相对误差在10%以内;地表沉降曲线沿隧道中心线对称分布,且中心线处沉降值最大。     

Estimating fuel burn impacts of taxi-out delay with implications for gate-hold benefits

The aviation community is actively investigating initiatives to reduce aircraft fuel consumption from surface operations, as surface management strategies may face fewer implementation barriers compared with en route strategies. One fuel-saving initiative for the air transportation system is the possibility of holding aircraft at the gate, or the spot, until the point at which they can taxi unimpeded to the departure runway. The extent to which gate holding strategies have financial and environmental benefits hinges on the quantity of fuel that is consumed during surface operations. A pilot of an aircraft may execute the taxi procedure on a single engine or utilize different engine thrust rates during taxi because of a delay. In the following study, we use airline fuel consumption data to estimate aircraft taxi fuel consumption rates during the “unimpeded” and “delayed” portions of taxi time. We find that the fuel consumption attributed to a minute of taxi-out delay is less than that attributed to minute of unimpeded taxi time; for some aircraft types, the fuel consumption rate for a minute of taxi delay is half of that for unimpeded taxi. It is therefore not appropriate, even for rough calculations, to apply nominal taxi fuel consumption rates to convert delayed taxi-out time into fuel burn. On average we find that eliminating taxi delay would reduce overall flight fuel consumption by about 1%. When we consider the savings on an airport-by-airport basis, we find that for some airports the potential reduction from reducing taxi delay is as much as 2%.     

西安城墙在地铁建设与运营中的保护措施分析

西安地铁已建和在建的地铁线路多次穿越西安城墙及护城河,如何保证古城墙在地铁建设和运营期间的安全成为较为突出的问题。结合城墙的自身结构问题与工程地质情况的特殊性,通过对比分析相关工程资料和文献,指出:施工阶段,双线分离规划线路是盾构安全下穿城墙的重要前提,合理的土仓压力和注浆参数加之连续施工是盾构安全下穿最主要的主动防范措施,城墙地基土层注浆加固加之门洞钢架支护是盾构安全下穿必要的被动防范措施;运营阶段,采用钢弹簧浮置板道床可以明显减小地铁列车穿越城墙时引起的振动,保证地铁运营期间古城墙的安全。     

富水半成岩砂岩地层地铁车站深基坑变形监测与数值模拟分析

以兰州市某地铁车站深基坑为例,研究第三系富水半成岩砂岩地层条件下桩撑支护结构深基坑的变形规律。通过对围护桩体水平位移、钢支撑轴力、地表沉降等实测结果进行分析,对基坑开挖过程进行数值模拟,将数值计算结果与实测结果进行对比研究基坑的变形规律。监测结果与数值分析表明:桩体变形呈现出两头小中间大的"弓型"变形特征,围护桩水平位移最大值发生在开挖面附近;正常施工下地表沉降形态为凹槽形,若围护桩间出现明显漏水、漏砂现象时为三角形;钢支撑轴力跳跃上升并在其下一道支撑架设后受力达到最大;深大基坑工程采用钻孔咬合灌注桩作为围护及止水结构时,必须确保桩体垂直度,保证桩体施工质量达到设计要求;数值计算结果与实测结果基本一致,数值模拟可为基坑的设计和施工提供依据。     

基于围岩变形控制的海底隧道突水安全风险分析

以厦门海底隧道左线风化槽为例,研究海底隧道突水安全风险控制。选择与风化槽地质条件类似的五通端陆域段进行地层变形监测。监测结果表明:地层沉降具有明显的分层传递性和阶段性;当地表沉降30～40mm、拱顶沉降55～70mm时,地表开始出现裂缝。采用FLAC3D对海域风化槽段进行数值模拟。结果表明:海域风化槽地层变形规律与陆域段现场实测一致性良好;在帷幕注浆、超前支护等辅助工法发挥作用后,风化槽段拱顶沉降能够控制在70mm以内。结合监测结果和数值模拟结果制定的安全风险控制标准:在采用十字中隔壁工法(CRD工法)施工条件下,海域风化槽地表沉降控制标准及施工突水对应的拱顶极限沉降值分别为40和70mm;突水安全风险管理级别分为预警、报警及极限3个等级。应采取的技术控制措施包括:辅助工法的合理应用、地层变形的过程控制、信息的及时监测与反馈、施工质量控制及紧急预案制定。     

History of wheel/rail contact mechanics: from Redtenbacher to Kalker

The history of wheel/rail contact mechanics is an integrated part of contact mechanics. Problems of wheel/rail contact (damage phenomena and influence of contact mechanics on vehicle dynamics, especially on vehicle stability) have been investigated since the middle of the 19th Century. In 1855, Redtenbacher was the first to consider head checking. Stability investigations started with Boedecker (1887) and were continued by Carter (1916); however, they were not recognized at that time. Stability analysis was only considered to be an integrated step in vehicle design in about 1955 when stability problems started to occur in practice. The scientific foundations of our present investigations are based on Heinrich Hertz, Frederick William Carter and Hans Fromm. The key contributors to research in the last fifty years in the field of wheel/rail contact mechanics are Joost Kalker and Ken Johnson.     

Approximate weight functions of stress intensity factor for a wide range shapes of surface and an embedded elliptical crack

This paper describes the application of weight function for stress intensity factor in a surface crack with a wide range of crack shapes. Based on the weight function representation proposed by Wang and Glinka (2009), an extended formulation of the weight function for surfaces and embedded cracks is performed. The unknown parameters in the formulations were determined from reference values of stress intensity factor for a surface and an embedded crack given by finite element analysis with the J integral method. The effectiveness of the proposed weight functions has been verified by comparing with the stress intensity factors given by finite element analysis and available approximated solutions under several loading conditions.