论泥沙运动理论的流派及相互关系

泥沙运动理论种类繁多 ,众说纷纭 ,这给泥沙工作者带来了诸多不便。按各学者研究泥沙运动所引起的水流强度指标 ,对泥沙运动理论的流派地行了划分 ,分为力学派、运动学派和能量学派。在理论上 ,各学派均可表示成统一的形式 ,根本区别在于各学派对于阻力系数对泥沙运动影响上认识不一致。在运用上 ,除个别问题外 ,对各学派的优劣存在较大分歧 ,特别在预测输沙强度方面 ,虽说能量学派占有一定的优势 ,但仍有待进一步检验     

Effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames of bulk carriers (2nd Report)—Lateral-distortional buckling and local face buckling

Pitting corrosion is typical corrosion observed on coated hold frames of bulk carriers which exclusively carry coal and iron ore. In order to secure the safety of these types of bulk carriers, it is important to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames.

In order to investigate this effect, a series of 4- and 3-point bend tests on structural models which consist of web, shell and face plates has been carried out. Artificial pitting was created on the web plate to simulate pitting. In the 4-point bend tests, two equal concentrated loads have been applied vertically at the one-third points of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, lateral-distortional buckling occurred before reaching the ultimate strength and local buckling of the face plate was observed after reaching the ultimate strength. The effect of web plate pitting on the lateral-distortional buckling strength was found to be small but the ultimate strength decreases with increase in the degree of pitting intensity. In the 3-point bend tests, concentrated load has been applied vertically at the center of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, local face buckling occurred just after reaching the ultimate strength. The ultimate strength is found to be decreasing with increase in the degree of pitting intensity.

A series of non-linear FE analyses has been performed to simulate the deformation behavior observed in the tests. It has been revealed that even in the case of randomly distributed pitting corrosion the ultimate strength of the structural models was almost the same as that of the structural models with uniform corrosion corresponding to the average thickness loss.     

湘潭湘江四大桥工程设计与技术特点

着重介绍湘潭湘江四大桥的主要设计构造以及设计、施工的技术特点。湘潭湘江四大桥主桥为跨径400m的斜拉飞燕式钢管混凝土系杆拱桥,该桥型在我国乃至世界上都是首次采用。     

混凝土构件表面缺陷防治

总结混凝土构件常见表面缺陷的成因及危害,提出防治措施。该措施在营口港鲅鱼圈港区四期工程54#～56#泊位施工中收到了较满意的效果。     

三维编织复合材料板的自由振动

基于Reddy高阶剪切变形板理论,用双重Fourier级数法求得了四边简支的三维四向编织复合材料剪切板自由振动的解析解,并讨论了纤维的体积含量和编织角对剪切板固有频率的影响。     

考虑剪切变形的无缝线路轨道稳定性分析

运用“荷载变形”关系,在考虑剪切变形的情况下进行无缝线路轨道稳定性分析,并推导出钢轨温度力计算公式。输入不同的轨道弯曲波长,找出最小的钢轨温度力,此值对应着最不利的变形波长l。此外,对是否考虑剪切力的2种情况进行对比。研究结果表明,剪切力对失稳极限温度压力的影响非常小,因此,在实际计算中可以忽略。     

桩侧土的桩-土临界位移实验研究

通过室内直剪摩擦试验、室内模型试验、深井荷载试验和桩基静载试验,研究了各类桩的临界位移的规律及其影响因素。研究结果表明,桩侧摩阻力达到极限值所需要的临界位移较桩身沉降而言是很小的,因此,合理地选择桩土荷载传递模型,正确认识桩的荷载传递机理是进行桩基优化设计的前提。本实验研究为桩的荷载传递分析提供了理论根据。     

码头预埋铁件施工缺陷的防治

通过对码头预埋铁件安装常见质量缺陷的特征、成因及危害的分析,提出针对性的措施,收到较好的效果。     

垃圾电厂飞灰改性水泥土三轴试验研究

为研究垃圾飞灰改性水泥土的抗剪强度,提出将垃圾飞灰作为外掺料应用到水泥土的改性研究中。将粒径≤2 mm的黏土颗粒按照不同配比与水泥、飞灰配置成不同飞灰掺量的水泥土试样,采用室内GDS三轴固结排水的试验方法,研究水泥掺量在10%、飞灰掺入比在0%~20%、水泥土在养护龄期为7 d、14 d、28 d时的三轴抗剪强度特性。试验研究发现:1)垃圾飞灰掺入比为5%~10%时,抗剪强度提高最快,且在10%时达到极大值;垃圾飞灰水泥土的应力-应变曲线呈应变软化型,由剪缩向剪胀状态过渡;2)由脆性指标I B可知,飞灰掺量在5%左右时,水泥土整体的稳定性较好;3)内聚力c和内摩擦角φ都随飞灰掺量的增加而增加,其中飞灰掺量10%时,内聚力c达到极大值,飞灰掺量15%时,内摩擦角φ达到极大值;4)采用非线性回归方程(φ=ax ^3+bx ^2+cx+d)拟合内摩擦角与飞灰掺量的关系,从结果上看,采用此回归方程的相关系数高。本研究成果可供路基路面及软基处理参考。     

适用于有限元分析的非线性弹性壳体理论

本文从连续介质力学出发导出了计及横剪效应的非线性弹性壳体理论。这个理论适合于有限元列式,可用于壳体的几何非线性和后屈曲分析。