500米长轨营业线火车市场运费与概预算编制办法计算运费对比分析

随着《铁路基本建设项目投资管理办法》(铁总计统〔2017〕179号)及《关于铁路建设项目清理概算工作的通知》(发改投资电〔2019〕1号)文的出台,标志着铁路建设项目概算清理工作,将逐步交由建设单位按照不突破初步设计批复金额进行处理,因此初步设计阶段如何确保招标预算金额的准确性,体现的越来越为重要,本文通过对500米长轨营业线火车市场运费与编制办法计算运费的分析,量化两者费用存在的差异,列明差异原因,并提出相关建议。     

Airport capacity increase via the use of braking profiles

Many airports are encountering the problem of insufficient capacity, which is particularly severe in periods of increased traffic. A large number of elements influence airport capacity, but one of the most important is runway occupancy time. This time depends on many factors, including how the landing roll procedure is performed. The procedure usually does not include the objective to minimize the runway occupancy time. This paper presents an analysis which shows that the way of braking during landing roll has an essential impact on runway throughput and thus on airport capacity. For this purpose, the landing roll simulator (named ACPENSIM) was created. It uses Petri nets and is a convenient tool for dynamic analysis of aircraft movement on the runway with given input parameters and a predetermined runway exit. Simulation experiments allowed to create a set of nominal braking profiles that have different objective functions: minimizing the runway occupancy time, minimizing noise, minimizing tire wear, maximizing passenger comfort and maximizing airport capacity as a whole. The experiments show that there is great potential to increase airport capacity by optimizing the braking procedure. It has been shown that by using the proposed braking profiles it is possible to reduce the runway occupancy time even by 50%.     

宁杭线建设及其中间枢纽城市与副枢纽城市研究

针对长江三角洲地区城际轨道交通网络规划中宁杭直通线空白的情况,通过宁杭沿线的发展前景,分析了宁杭轨道交通线建设的紧迫性和必要性。提出对未来宁杭线的中间枢纽城市和副枢纽城市概念,并设定了选址的筛选条件。宜兴市可作为宁杭线间的中间枢纽城市;溧阳市与湖州市的长兴县可作为副枢纽城市。     

Effects of passenger characteristics and terminal layout on airport retail revenue: an agent-based simulation approach

This paper examines the effect of passenger characteristics and terminal layout on airport retail revenue using an agent-based simulation approach. Simulation results show that passenger mix (that is, the mix of shopper types according to a typology of airport shoppers) has a profound effect on airport retail revenue; the larger the number of ‘shopping lovers’ there are among passengers, the higher the airport retail revenue. Results also reveal that group travel can lead to negative effects on retail in certain terminal layouts, and that the amount of free dwell time that a passenger has can affect spending due to less retail engagement. This paper shows a combined effect of passenger characteristics and terminal layout on airport retail revenue, and discusses the implications of these results for future airport terminal design that aims to maximise retail potential.     

希斯罗机场公共交通集疏运网络研究

分析了英国伦敦希斯罗机场的公共交通集疏运网络中的轨道交通线路、城市公交线路以及长途汽车网络,提出了大型枢纽机场建立公共交通集疏运网络的过程中可能会遭遇的问题以及处理的手段。以此为借鉴,对我国大型枢纽机场集疏运网络的规划与建设提出了建议。     

对提高天津地铁双林站折返能力的研究

地铁是一种大容量、高效率的城市交通方式,而折返能力则是制约地铁通过能力的关键因素.分析天津地铁运营的具体情况,指出双林站折返能力的不足之处,提出3种改进方案;通过方案比选,选定"在双林站前增加一条渡线"的可行性措施,可以彻底改善该站的折返能力.结论:只有从硬件和软件两方面结合起来共同考虑,才能最大限度地提高列车的折返能力,充分发挥地铁的运输效能.     

水火弯板线位移视觉测量中的标定精度分析

采用计算机视觉的方法对水火弯板的线位移进行测量,旨在找出板材在水火弯曲成形加工中的变形规律,为实现水火弯板的机械化和自动化提供数字参考。然测量精度的高低直接决定着这些数据的可靠性,而在影响视觉测量精度的诸多因素中,标定块的尺寸精度是一个重要的内容。相对真值可通过损失函数的分析来认定。     

桥梁美学在城市高架道路中的应用

随着我国国民经济的飞速发展,城市基础设施建设日新月异。在此前提下,“以人为本,环境和谐”的景观设计变得尤为重要。城市大型桥梁从单一的交通通道,逐渐演变为城市的风景。上海市中环线高架桥梁运用了桥梁美学的原则,在桥梁结构、桥梁细部构造上进行了精心的景观设计,该文对此进行了简要地介绍。     

水火弯板建模系统研究

以逐步回归分析和改进的Ｂ－Ｐ神经网络两种方法为算法,基于Ｍｉｃｒｏｓｏｆｔ Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｂａｓｉｃ３．０软件平台,应用实船板样本数据,开发了水火弯板局部收缩量的建模系统。     

The impacts of changing flight demands and throughput performance on airport delays through the Great Recession

Several significant events between 2007 and 2009 impacted flight demands and the abilities of the three major New York area airports to handle demand. This paper assesses the results of applying a probabilistic simulation method – which isolates the individual contributions of changes in flight demand and changes in airport throughput performance to changes in flight delays – to diagnose how these different events may have caused operational changes at these airports, and in turn, how the results may be used to inform policies for appropriate countermeasures. The analysis revealed two key observations. Firstly, certain patterns in throughput performance shifts caused the most significant delays, and were more likely to have been caused by controller staffing issues rather than caps. Secondly, relatively constant average delays from one year to the next may result from significant demand drops accompanied by large throughput performance degradations at an airport. This suggests that not only operational limitations on capacity encourage airlines to reduce schedules, but that changed demands can also impact throughput performance. Overall, the analysis indicates that caps may not have provided their fully intended delay benefits. Although they successfully reduced overall flight demands at LGA and JFK, they also directly limited throughput performance at critical times, in turn limiting delay benefits. In addition, demands at the busiest times of the day appear to be relatively inelastic to these operational limitations, insofar as demand profiles at EWR and JFK remained “peaky” in 2008 and 2009. Also, the recession was largely responsible for reducing demands at the airports in 2009, but the delay benefits of this were dampened by a corresponding throughput performance degradation. Based on the above observations, a more direct demand management policy combined with policies that focus on maintaining high staffing capabilities at critical times of the day may be considered, to reduce the likelihood of major queue formation on days that do experience sustained demands. The results also suggest that a more flexible caps system, particularly during times of heavy queues, could be explored. Although airport practitioners have keen understandings of how their airports operate, without the support of quantitative analysis tools, it can be more difficult to argue the need for appropriate countermeasures. An analysis such as the one presented here can provide the detailed quantitative substantiation required to build cases for these targeted policy directives and infrastructure investments.