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以THUMS男性50百分位有限元模型为研究对象,使用Hypermesh软件中的Hypermorph功能对THUMS男性50百分位有限元模型进行网格变形,得到一系列不同BMI的肥胖有限元模型.建立了汽车正面100%重叠率碰撞仿真模型,对比了肥胖乘员与非肥胖乘员头、颈部的损伤差异.研究表明,头部损伤部分,BMI并未对HIC... 相似文献
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采用陈会昌气质量表对北京市1 010名满12分驾驶员进行气质类型的调查。研究结果表明,在满12分驾驶员群体中,多血质、多血-粘液质、胆汁-多血-粘液质、胆汁-多血-抑郁质、胆汁-粘液-抑郁质、多血-粘液-抑郁质、胆汁-多血-粘液-抑郁质气质类型的驾驶员比例比在普通人群中的比例高。具有这些气质类型的驾驶员更易发交通违法行为。此外,胆汁质、抑郁质、胆汁-多血-粘液-抑郁三种类型的违法驾驶员的心理健康状况最差,需得到更多的心理辅导。 相似文献
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患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症(OSAHS)的驾驶员表现为日间嗜睡,驾驶中易发生错误操作,因而导致交通事故。为降低事故发生率,应识别 OSAHS 驾驶员发生事故前的驾驶状态。从驾驶员的生理角度,通过脑电波识别驾驶状态,提出交通事故前的预警指标。招募20名已被确诊患有 OSAHS 的驾驶员在模拟驾驶舱中进行模拟驾驶试验。被试者的驾驶环境、驾驶要求(如驾驶中不能接打电话、不能超速等)相同;在驾驶中采集 OSAHS 驾驶员的脑电波(α和β节律)变化、发生交通事故的时间和类型。通过宏观(波形图)及微观(数据)2个方面分析脑电波在不同驾驶状态下的变化。研究得出,交通事故发生时脑电波α节律受到抑制或消失;正常驾驶状态下和发生事故前的β/(α+β)均值具有显著差异性。以上2项均可作为驾驶嗜睡预警的指标。此外,提出事故发生前30 s的β/(α+β)均值作为预警的临界阈值。 相似文献
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使用动态心电仪作为心生理检测仪器,综合检测驾驶员在不同道路交通环境条件下的心生理反应特征。试验结果表明,驾驶员在不同的道路交通环境条件下具有驾驶工作的心生理负荷特征,不同的驾驶行为和道路交通环境条件对驾驶员造成的心生理驾驶工作负荷不同,这为“人性化”道路交通安全研究提供了理论与实践依据。 相似文献
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在相关理论分析的基础上,构建了驾驶人综合素质多层次指标评估体系,该体系一级指标主要涵盖安全驾驶知识、安全驾驶态度、安全行车意识、环境感知能力和车辆操纵能力等五个方面;二级指标体系共19个项目.根据综合指标体系的多维度及模糊性的特点,采用三角数模糊层次分析法,确定评估体系各个指标权重,并根据模糊综合评判方法,建立驾驶人综合素质评价模型.结论表明驾驶人安全意识各项指标权重最大,对驾驶安全性影响也最大. 相似文献
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城市驾驶员是交通系统的重要组成部分,了解其分类有利于更好的进行驾驶行为的研究。本文以南京市城市驾驶员为例,通过实际问卷调查,并运用数理统计方法对城市驾驶员的分类进行研究,提出了城市驾驶员的分类指标及各指标的权重比例。在个人属性、驾驶技术和驾驶行为三个一级指标中,个人属性权重比例最大,即其在城市驾驶员的分类中极为重要,对城市驾驶员实际驾驶影响较大。研究结果为城市驾驶员分类别的深入研究提供了理论依据和科学方法。 相似文献
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The taxi industry plays an important role in urban transportation systems, both in economic and mobility terms. In the case of the former, it provides employment for a large number of people and circulates significant amounts of money. In the case of the latter, it is a flexible means of transportation capable of arriving at any destination. Although the way the taxi industry is organised varies across countries and even within countries, some factors are shared at varying latitudes of the globe. Working conditions, habits, health, and exposure to road crashes have been a subject of interest for researchers from various disciplines, including medicine, psychology, and economics. However, much of this research focuses on a part of the problem and is not mutually referential. A review of the literature may be useful not only to researchers of diverse disciplines but also to industry representatives and those public officials responsible for transportation, road safety and health policy. This article provides a comprehensive review of the working conditions of taxi drivers, their relationship to road risk exposure and their consequences on the health of workers. It also includes information on coping strategies and protective behaviors. The review is based on a Scopus database search. The search covered the period from 1990 to 2015. This initial search was complemented with other database searches, which yielded some additional studies. Our goal was to summarise existing knowledge, identify possible lines of research and suggest some practical recommendations. It would be important (a) to reduce the workload, establish adequate time for breaks, and provide access to healthcare, (b) to implement actions to promote and maintain healthy habits, (c) to diagnose, detect and treat indicators of occupational fatigue and stress, and (d) to develop programs that make it possible to evaluate work concerns and broaden coping strategies to foster positive changes. 相似文献
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为了发现交通违法监控对职业与非职业驾驶人的心理及行为的不同影响,采用问卷调查方法,获得321份关于这2类驾驶人在有无交通违法监控下的驾驶心理与驾驶行为选择、对安装交通违法监控的态度等11个题目的数据,对其进行了卡方分析和配对样本t检验.结果表明,非职业驾驶人与职业驾驶人通过有监控和无监控2种交叉口时的心理存在不同;交通违法监控对非职业驾驶人的影响大于职业驾驶人,无交通违法监控下,非职业驾驶人的冒险行为倾向大于职业驾驶人冒险行为倾向;非职业驾驶人在无监控交叉口与有监控交叉口驾驶行为有显著性差异;职业驾驶人在无监控交叉口与有监控交叉口驾驶行为选择差异不显著;无论是非职业驾驶人还是职业驾驶人,大多数都支持和认可安装交通违法监控. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe sharing economy has gained a lot of attention in recent years. Despite the substantial growth in shared services, its impact overall on transport is unclear. This paper analyses the literature on sharing in transport and includes government and consultant reports, websites and academic journals. The drivers of ride-sharing, car-sharing, car-pooling and freight-sharing are largely economic and convenience related for participants. Trust, technology platforms and the trend to avoid ownership of assets are facilitating factors in its growth. Over-regulation, inconsistent quality of service and the need for recommendation are potential barriers. The transport journals in particular are relatively slow to research this topic with more focusing on bike-sharing than other modes of vehicle sharing. The paper discusses the impact of sharing on transport suggesting it is likely to be part of a solution to transport problems and congestion perhaps in combination with other developments such as driverless vehicles. It also warns of the dangers of over-regulation and under-regulation. The future will require holistic transport strategies that consider sharing options and will require government departments to work cooperatively. 相似文献