"中原之星"号动力分散型电动车组空电联合制动

以“中原之星”电动车组空间联合制动为例，系统介绍了动力分散型电动车组一种空电联合制动模式，并对其试验以及使用情况做了介绍，阐述了它的优越性。试验表明，制动系统满足设计要求，安全可靠，且能自动优先并最大限度地利用再生制动能力。     

综合接地对AT牵引供电网络参数影响的研究

建立了一个由16根平行导线构成的广义四端网络表征AT供电系统模型,以沪宁高铁无锡区段某供电臂为实例,计算与分析了综合接地系统接入后对钢轨电位、牵引网阻抗、钢轨及大地回流的影响.计算数据表明,综合接地对钢轨电位的降低有显著的作用,而对牵引网阻抗的大小几乎没有影响.     

高铁隧道平面控制网横向贯通误差仿真研究

构建附合单导线、导线环网、交叉导线网和自由测站边角交会网等4种常见的高铁隧道洞内仿真平面控制网,利用精度估算的方法计算这4种网型在9种不同隧道长度情况下的横向贯通中误差;基于Box-Muller算法为仿真控制网添加随机误差,利用稀疏矩阵行列压缩技术对附加随机误差的控制网进行快速严密平差计算,从而完成4种隧道洞内平面控制网横向贯通误差的仿真计算工作。计算结果表明自由测站边角交会网的横向摆动相对较小,可以替代传统的洞内导线网;证明隧道洞内平面控制网的横向摆动服从正态分布,适当增加测量次数,可提高隧道的横向贯通精度,对确保长大隧道正确贯通具有参考意义。     

高速铁路水下盾构隧道管片内力分布规律研究

以在建的广深港高速铁路狮子洋隧道为背景,采用自行开发的"多功能盾构隧道结构体试验系统"装置,对大断面宽幅管片衬砌结构在通缝及错缝拼装方式下环向内力的分布规律进行原型试验实测与分析,并对正弯区和负弯区目标管片表面应力的分布进行测试,同时采用数值计算进行对比分析。研究结果表明:通缝拼装管片结构内力沿幅宽的变化很小,而错缝拼装管片结构在不同荷载条件下,内力沿幅宽的分布有所差异,水压越大其差异越小;管片手孔密集区往往会出现应力集中,同等条件下正弯区表面应力状态比负弯区更为不利;管片厚度方向表面应力分布呈显著的非线性变化,高水压使其非线性变化加剧。     

悬移质含沙量沿垂线的分布理论研究

文章基于悬移质含沙量沿垂线分布的概念及理论研究现状,通过实测数据资料计算,对比分析了悬移质含沙量沿垂线分布实测值与扩散理论劳斯方程及各修正方法计算结果的拟合程度,证实了扩散理论公式的合理性以及相关修正方法的可行性。     

Catching the tail: Empirical identification of the distribution of the value of travel time

Recent methodological advances in discrete choice analysis in combination with certain stated choice experiments have allowed researchers to check empirically the identification of the distribution of latent variables such as the value of travel time (VTT). Lack of identification is likely to be common and the consequences are severe. E.g., the Danish value of time study found the 15% right tail of the VTT distribution to be unidentified, making it impossible to estimate the mean VTT without resorting to strong assumptions with equally strong impact on the resulting estimate. This paper analyses data generated from a similar choice experiment undertaken in Sweden during 2007-2008 in which the range of trade-off values between time and money was significantly increased relative to the Danish experiment. The results show that this change allowed empirical identification of effectively the entire VTT distribution. In addition to informing the design of future choice experiments, the results are also of interest as a validity test of the stated choice methodology. Failure in identifying the right tail of the VTT would have made it difficult to maintain that respondents’ behaviour is consistent with utility maximisation in the sense intended by the experimenter.     

Integrating intermodal transport with logistics: a case study of the UK retail sector

Retail traffic is one of the main drivers for the growth of intermodal transport services in the UK. This paper examines the key factors underpinning this modal shift in order to learn lessons for other market and geographical contexts. Since successful retail intermodal logistics involves many actors, this paper is based on semi-structured interviews with major UK retailers, third-party logistics providers (3PLs) and rail operators, supplemented by document analysis. The qualitative data are analysed via a conceptual framework derived from the literature. Despite past successes and the presence of drivers for future growth, the paper identifies many operational issues without current solutions and the presence of ongoing public subsidy. The major conclusion is that the importance of 3PLs, aggregation and multi-user platforms must be recognised by transport planners in supporting the use of intermodal transport by retailers and other large shippers.     

Modeling traffic crash rates of road segments through a lognormal hurdle framework with flexible scale parameter

This study examines distributional characteristics of crash rates for road segments using observed accident data. The results indicate that the distribution of crash rates is mixed and right‐skewed, which motivates the consideration of non‐normal distributions. With the aid of Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, kernel density plots, and Q–Q plots, the lognormal distribution is verified as an appropriate candidate for representing the positive domain of crash rates. Then, a lognormal hurdle model was developed and also compared with gamma and Weibull hurdle models. Further, the lognormal hurdle model was revised by allowing the scale parameter to vary with respect to explanatory variables. Such a modification enables the heterogeneous skewness of samples to be captured while enhancing the modeling flexibility. The proposed model was also compared with a Tobit model, an alternative approach that treats crash rates as censored data. Among all these models, the proposed lognormal hurdle model with flexible scale parameter presents the best modeling performance, and the analyses also reveal that several explanatory variables affect crash rates through not only the location parameter but also the scale parameter in the lognormal model. This study finally attempted to inspect crash rates through count models, and it discovered that the proposed hurdle model is superior because it is able to output the whole distribution form of crash rates, whereas the crash count model can only provide the expected value of crash rates, provided the exposure variable servers as an offset term in the link function of the mean parameter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

物流配送车辆路线求解算法

为进一步降低日益复杂的物流配送成本,通过对物流配送网络系统分析,提出更为接近实际的三层次物流配送网络结构。针对第二层次车辆路线问题(VRP)网络模型,运用四叉树原理进行客户分区,使用两阶段启发式算法优化车辆行驶路线,采用C语言编程实现了算法设计。运用模拟数据通过LINGO程序仿真测试,显示该算法计算结果与LINGO计算结果相同,而计算时间大幅度降低,说明了该算法快速、有效。     

公路客运组织分流实施问题研究

随着公路主枢组规划的逐步实施以及建设工作的进一步开展,公路客运组织优化研究也随之得到重视,而公路客运组织优化后的分流实施问题研究甚少。对公路客运组织分流实施的原则、方法、实施方案等关键问题进行分析研究,并以某抠纽城市城区公路客运组织分流为实例验证了方法的可行性。