摩托车高强度螺栓延迟断裂的预防

延迟断裂是材料在静止应力作用下,经过一定时间后突然脆性破坏的一种现象,是材料、环境和应力相互作用而发生的一种环境脆化,是由氢导致材质恶化的一种形态。延迟断裂现象是妨碍高强度螺栓提高强度的一个主要因素。     

公路土工合成材料测试中存在的问题与建议

随着土工合成材料在公路工程建设中日益广泛的应用,土工合成材料的测试技术在设计和施工中显得尤为重要。本文总结公路土工合成材料测试中存在的问题,分析了抗拉强度的判定、拉伸速率、取样方法及夹持部位对拉伸试验结果以及剪切速度和试验方法对界面摩擦试验结果的影响,指出渗透试验中法向加载与试样厚度确定方法之间的矛盾,并针对存在的问题提出一些建议。     

浅谈摩托车化油器O型密封圈的设计

O型密封圈结构简单、密封可靠、成本低,在摩托车化油器中应用十分广泛,主要作用是静密封,有径向密封和端面密封。在实际应用中,O型密封圈常出现密封不严及装配困难等现象,因此在设计时应特别注意。     

Ultimate collapse tests of stiffened-plate ship structural units

An increasingly popular approximate method for assessing ship hull girder ultimate strength is to combine the individual elasto-plastic load-carrying characteristics of each single stiffened-plate unit comprising the ship hull cross section. In order to evaluate methods (numerical and experimental) for developing the load-carrying characteristics (load–shortening curves), a full-scale testing system was designed and constructed to provide data for stiffened steel plate units under combined axial and lateral loads. The system included an assembly of discrete plate edge restraints that were developed to represent symmetric boundary conditions within a grillage system. Twelve full-scale panels including ‘as-built’, ‘deformed’ and ‘damaged’ specimens were tested in this set-up.

The specimens failed by combined plate and flexural buckling, stiffener tripping or local collapse, depending on the magnitude of lateral loads and local damage. Load-shortening curves associated with different failure modes were found to be distinctly different and it was found that a small lateral load could change the failure mode from flexural buckling to tripping. Current design criteria should directly consider effects of the lateral loads on the failure modes and the collapse loads of stiffened plates.     

实测轮胎荷载作用下层间接触条件对沥青路面力学响应的三维有限元分析

实际道路中层间接触状态非常复杂,层间接触状态对路面的使用性能有直接影响;并且轮胎与路面的接地形状随着轮胎负荷及胎压的不同呈现出明显的非均匀分布,路面结构内的力学响应也随之发生不规则变化。基于此,采用三维有限元方法,分析在实测轮胎荷载作用下,完全连续、基、面层间光滑两种层间接触状态时,柔性基层和半刚性基层路面力学响应的差异。分析结果表明,层间光滑时面层内的最大剪应力以及层底拉应变均明显增大,相应路面车辙和开裂的机率大大增加,因此必须高度重视层间处理工艺。     

沥青路面的水损害试验模拟环境设计及试验验证

在区分沥青混合料水敏感性和水稳定性的基础上提出采用冲刷冻融试验环境模拟实际沥青路面水损害过程，并提出新的指标：剩余劈裂强度，结合劈裂强度建立起双指标的沥青混合料抗水损害性能评价方法，通过试验确定了水损害试验的冲刷时间及冲刷循环和冻融循环的先后次序。