柴油机不可逆循环性能分析及优化

建立了不可逆diesel循环的热力学模型，对diesel循环进行了有限时间热力学分析。推导出在内可逆、内外均不可逆时diesel循环在给定热力学模型下输出功率与热效率之间的关系式，并证明了内可逆diesel循环有一最大输出功率，而此时循环热效率即为著名的CA效率，并求出了最大输出功率表达式，证明了在具有最大输出功率时循环压缩比及预胀比有确定的关系。当具有内外双重不可逆时，相应公式只是对内可逆时的公式用不可逆系数I进行修正，即用ITL代替原公式中的TL即可。给出了计算实例，并通过实例计算分析了内不可逆系数、热源温度对最大输出功率、热效率的影响及循环压缩比、预胀比对热效率的影响。本文的研究对内燃机的设计和性能评估有理论意义。     

A trace metal (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) balance for surface waters in the eastern Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea

Trace metal inventories and transboundary fluxes were estimated for the surface waters of the eastern Gotland Basin, and a mass balance for this water body was derived.The study area was delineated by a box which bordered vertically by the sea surface and the halocline and horizontally by the coast of Gotland and the coast of Latvia/Lithuania. For the calculation of the trace metal inventories in the box, a high-resolution sampling was carried out during different seasons. Additional sediment trap studies were performed to calculate the vertical particulate trace metal fluxes through the halocline.The following transboundary fluxes have been estimated: (a) atmospheric input of trace metals; (b) lateral transport from adjacent bodies of surface water; (c) diapycnal fluxes of dissolved trace metals at the halocline; (d) sinking of trace metals, associated with particles, through the halocline, (e) vertical advection through the halocline.The lateral transport into and out of the surface box is important for the metals (Cd, Cu, Zn) with “nutrient-like” behaviour. For particle reactive elements like lead, vertical sedimentation and lateral transport out of the box as much as atmospheric input and lateral input into the box are in the same order of magnitude. Turbulent diapycnal mixing plays a minor role compared to the advective fluxes.The estimated range for the residence times for the region under investigation are  0.5–1.3 years for Pb;  2–11 years for Zn,  7–36 years for Cd and 42–89 years for Cu. This demonstrates that the system reacts very fast for particle reactive elements like Pb, while for copper sedimentation processes are not the preferential sink and can be neglected.     

液压连杆调平机构在绝缘高空作业车上的应用

针对折叠加伸缩式非绝缘高空作业车的工作斗平衡系统易受干扰、稳定性差、安全性低的问题,开发了一种液压、连杆调平机构,解决了折叠双伸缩式绝缘臂高空作业车在带电作业时,保持工作斗平衡的问题。该工作斗调平机构结构紧凑、合理、安全可靠。     

盾构在砂卵石地层中掘进应用土体改良的技术

在成都砂卵石地层中进行盾构施工,由于砂卵石中卵石的强度很高,对盾构机刀盘、刀具的磨损相当大;同时由于砂卵石地层土质级配的不均匀,刀盘及土舱内结泥饼,螺旋机进土口的大颗粒卵石的骨架(骨架拱)效应,直接影响到土压平衡的有效建立,以致盾构在掘进过程中超挖,严重影响隧道沿线周边环境及施工进度。该文重点介绍了成都地铁1号线盾构1标区间隧道施工过程中采用的土体改良技术措施,从而消除了由于砂卵石地层的特殊性质造成的不利因素,保证了工程的顺利进行及周边环境的安全。     

船舶中央冷却系统热平衡计算及程序仿真设计

船舶轮机系统的热平衡计算关系到主机、发电机组、空调机组、制冷机组、空压机、中间轴承等诸多设备的正常运行以及冷却水泵和冷却器的设计选型。船舶中央冷却系统的热平衡计算过程繁琐,人工计算效率低、易出错。通过对船舶中央冷却系统的综合热平衡理论计算,按热力学基本原理编制开发了计算仿真程序。实践证明,该程序在辅助设计计算与设备选型中取得了良好效果。     

威海船厂港域波高数值计算*

应用能量平衡方程研究近岸随机波的传播变形是一种简单而实用的方法,其在海洋学以及海岸动力学中得到了广泛的应用。采用考虑绕射作用的能量平衡方程作为计算随机波浪传播变形的控制方程,以此建立的数学模型考虑了波浪的浅化、折射、绕射、反射和破碎。利用该模型对威海船厂港内随机波传播变形进行数值模拟,通过数值计算值与试验值的比较,发现在相同的考虑因素下两者是相当吻合的,说明模型在计算近岸随机波的传播变形时是实用而可靠的。     

红砂岩-卵石复合地层刀盘卡停分析及对策

富水红砂岩与大粒径砂卵石复合地层其骨架效应显著,且大粒径漂石随机分布,极易导致盾构施工过程中出现刀盘卡停等故障。本文以兰州2号线公定区间盾构刀盘卡死故障为例,结合工程实际分别从水文地质条件、盾构机性能、刀盘布局等方面分析刀盘卡死原因,并针对性提出渣土改良、盾构机自身减负及消除围岩对刀盘握裹力等技术处理措施,成功解决了红砂岩与大粒径砂卵石复合地层中盾构机卡顿问题,避免了进仓或地面加固后处理工序,实现了工期及成本效益双丰收,对同类型工程具有重要参考价值。     

冰雪条件下中国驾驶员跟驰行为及模型研究

分析驾驶员在冰雪条件下的驾驶行为特性，建立考虑驾驶员行为特性的跟驰模型，有助于丰富现有交通流理论.通过招募驾驶员开展实车跟驰试验，对比分析正常条件与冰雪条件下的驾驶行为差异.进而基于任务难度均衡理论构建包含人类因素参数的任务难度模块，引入改进后的智能驾驶员模型，并采用车辆轨迹数据对模型进行标定和有效性验证.研究表明：驾驶员在跟驰行驶过程中受外界刺激及自身驾驶能力影响时会对车辆行驶状态进行动态调整，试图保持期望间距，且速度与前车一致的状态；冰雪条件下驾驶员采取风险补偿行为，其车头时距波动幅度较正常条件收窄，模型引入人类因素参数可以较好地描述其差异性. 模型有效性验证表明，新模型在6个仿真场景中的表现都优于传统智能驾驶员模型，且表现出更好的鲁棒性.研究结果可为冰雪条件下的交通管理措施制定提供理论支持.     

An empirical investigation into the time-use and activity patterns of dual-earner couples with and without young children

This paper examines the time-use patterns of adults in dual-earner households with and without children as a function of several individual and household socio-demographics and employment characteristics. A disaggregate activity purpose classification including both in-home and out-of-home activity pursuits is used because of the travel demand relevance of out-of-home pursuits, as well as to examine both mobility-related and general time-use related social exclusion and time poverty issues. The study uses the Nested Multiple Discrete Continuous Extreme Value (MDCNEV) model, which recognizes that time-decisions entail the choice of participating in one or more activity purposes along with the amount of time to invest in each chosen activity purpose, and allows generic correlation structures to account for common unobserved factors that might impact the choice of multiple alternatives. The 2010 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data is used for the empirical analysis. A major finding of the study is that the presence of a child in dual-earner households not only leads to a reduction in in-home non-work activity participation (excluding child care activities) but also a substantially larger decrease in out-of-home non-work activity participation (excluding child care and shopping activities), suggesting a higher level of mobility-related social exclusion relative to overall time-use social exclusion. To summarize, the results in the paper underscore the importance of considering household structure in activity-based travel demand models, as well as re-designing work policies in the United States to facilitate a reduction in work-family conflict in dual-earner families.     

基于企业网的分布式入侵检测系统的设计与实现

结合独立分析、独立存储和建立安全区的方法，提出一种新型高效、自身安全性好并且满足现代企业网络要求的分布式入侵检测系统的设计方法，该设计方法能够直接融入现有的分布式入侵检测系统或产品中，并且具有动态可扩展性。