人字门船闸底枢摩擦副零件失效事故分析及材料研究

通过对人字门船闸钢对钢底枢摩擦副在安装过程中零件失效事故的分析,发现事故的主要原因是底枢摩擦副设计配合间隙偏小,加之机械加工工艺不当．造成零件表面波纹度不合格,从而加大了蘑菇头摩擦副的接触应力使之产生粘着磨损导致零件失效。     

搅拌摩擦焊接技术的发展现状

系统地总结了搅拌摩擦焊接技术的发展过程和工作原理，分析了各个焊接工艺参数对焊接过程，焊接质一的影响，比较了搅拌摩擦焊接技术与常规焊接方法的特点，提出了摩擦焊接技术的工业应用前景。     

土工格栅在坝基和路基工程中的应用

根据坝基和路基工程的特点,分析土与格栅的相互作用机理,研制出新型的锁扣土工格栅,试验表明该新型格栅具有节点强度高、摩阻力大、伸长率低的特点,选用这种格栅,可更有效地改善坝基和路基力学特性。     

浸水对湿陷性黄土中桩基承载特性影响的模型试验

湿陷性黄土桩基现场浸水试验一般情况下是先浸水然后等到黄土的湿陷性彻底发挥以后再加载使桩土体系沉降,最后趋于稳定的状态,在桩基正常使用过程中由于雨雪等原因桩基也会遇到先加载后浸水的情况。为了探究两种浸水工况对桩基承载特性的影响,设计了室内桩土模型试验。结果表明:与桩土体系先加载后浸水相比,先浸水后加载时桩基中性点位置提高,中性点位置随着浸水量的增大沿桩身向下移动,桩侧负摩阻力极大值增大46%,负摩阻力极值点沿桩身下降170 mm,桩基正摩阻力极大值提高46%,正摩阻力极值点沿桩身上升70 mm;两种浸水工况下的桩身轴力沿埋深的变化趋势都是先增大后减小的抛物线形;桩周土体在未浸水和先浸水后加载两种工况下的桩基极限承载力一样大。     

An optimal pole-matching observer design for estimating tyre–road friction force

In this paper, considering the dynamical model of tyre–road contacts, we design a nonlinear observer for the on-line estimation of tyre–road friction force using the average lumped LuGre model without any simplification. The design is the extension of a previously offered observer to allow a muchmore realistic estimation by considering the effect of the rolling resistance and a term related to the relative velocity in the observer. Our aim is not to introduce a new friction model, but to present a more accurate nonlinear observer for the assumed model. We derive linear matrix equality conditions to obtain an observer gain with minimum pole mismatch for the desired observer error dynamic system. We prove the convergence of the observer for the non-simplified model. Finally, we compare the performance of the proposed observer with that of the previously mentioned nonlinear observer, which shows significant improvement in the accuracy of estimation.     

On model-based longitudinal feed-forward motion control for low velocities on known road profiles

ABSTRACT

So far, longitudinal motion control has focused on situations like highway driving, where disturbances of the road profile can be neglected. In this paper, we show how the Two Point Tire Model can be used to derive a novel feed-forward control law for a vehicle's longitudinal motion that considers the effects of the road profile and can complement existing control approaches. For this purpose, we recapitulate the basic model assumptions and equations and briefly discuss how it can be used on arbitrary road profiles. Two approaches for implementation in a real vehicle are presented. Comparisons of these approaches in simulation and to a human driver of an experimental vehicle show that the controller can deal with stepped obstacles of up to 14?cm in height. However, the control performance is essentially limited by the actuator delay and human drivers outperform the controller due to their ability of sensing subtle vehicle motions. The results indicate that the control performance can be further improved by using a preview on the necessary drive torque, which can be provided by the solution that we propose.     

A review of dynamics modelling of friction wedge suspensions

Three-piece bogies with friction wedge suspensions are the most widely used bogies in heavy haul trains. Fiction wedge suspensions play a key role in these wagon systems. This article reviews current techniques in dynamic modelling of friction wedge suspension with various motivations: to improve dynamic models of friction wedge suspensions so as to improve general wagon dynamics simulations; to seek better friction wedge suspension models for wagon stability assessments in complex train systems; to improve the modelling of other friction devices, such as friction draft gear. Relevant theories and friction wedge suspension models developed by using commercial simulation packages and in-house simulation packages are reviewed.     

Estimation of wheel–rail friction for vehicle certification

In certification of new rail vehicles with respect to running characteristics, a wide variety of operating conditions needs to be considered. However, in associated test runs the wheel–rail friction condition is difficult to handle because the friction coefficient needs to be fairly high and the friction is also generally hard to assess. This is an issue that has been studied in the European project DynoTRAIN and part of the results is presented in this paper. More specifically, an algorithm for estimating the wheel–rail friction coefficient at vehicle certification tests is proposed. Owing to lack of some measurement results, the algorithm here is evaluated in a simulation environment which is also an important step towards practical implementation. A quality measure of the friction estimate is suggested in terms of estimated wheel–rail spin and total creep. It is concluded that, tentatively, the total creep should exceed 0.006 and the spin should be less than 1.0 m^?1 for the algorithm to give a good friction estimate. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to imitate measurement errors, but should be expanded in further work.     

Physical processes in wheel–rail contact and its implications on vehicle–track interaction

Friction within the wheel–rail contact highly influences all aspects of vehicle–track interaction. Models describing this frictional behaviour are of high relevance, for example, for reliable predictions on drive train dynamics. It has been shown by experiments, that the friction at a certain position on rail is not describable by only one number for the coefficient of friction. Beside the contact conditions (existence of liquids, solid third bodies, etc.) the vehicle speed, normal loading and contact geometry are further influencing factors. State-of-the-art models are not able to account for this sufficiently. Thus, an Extended-Creep-Force-Model was developed taking into account effects from third body layers. This model is able to describe all considered effects. In this way, a significant improvement of the prediction quality with respect to all aspects of vehicle–track interaction is expected.