桥梁嵌岩桩受力机理及最佳嵌岩深度研究

在嵌岩桩设计过程中,嵌岩深度观点各异。文中以实际工程项目为依托,借助国外流行的理论计算公式,分析了嵌岩桩竖向承载力的影响因素,总结了嵌岩桩受力机理及最佳嵌岩深度。     

对相关规范中有关钻孔桩泥浆性能规定的分析

泥浆性能直接影响钻孔桩的承载力和桩侧摩阻力。讨论分析了建筑和公路桥涵施工规范对泥浆材料和性能指标的规定,指出了泥浆材料和性能指标是与钻孔桩的施工工艺、桩的规格、土层条件以及设计桩侧摩阻力的要求密切相关。     

铁路连续曲梁管道摩阻损失及钢束伸长值的分析计算

针对兰武二线河口南黄河特大桥连续曲梁的张拉施工,分析计算了空间钢束的摩擦损失及伸长值,解决了施工控制中的关键性问题。     

设计变更条件下的桥梁施工监控及摩阻测试分析

结合义乌江大桥工程实例,论述在设计变更条件下,为实现成桥后桥面线形及结构内力状态符合设计要求,以及保证设计变更前后全桥整体性能,而采取的一系列有针对性的措施,达到了有效的对线形控制和内力监测的目的。对施工中长索单端张拉时钢束实际伸长量与理论伸长量有偏差的问题进行了分析,通过现场摩阻试验, 对分析结果进行了验证,得出了一些有价值的结论。     

基于小波变换的爆胎识别方案

针对爆胎识别这一问题,采用小波多分辨率分析技术,设计了一种爆胎识别新方案.通过模拟爆胎试验发现.该方案对爆胎时流通截面积以及不同的轮胎压力不敏感.能够准确判断爆胎发生.该方案的技术优势得益于小波分析技术无需事先对数据进行建模的特点,能准确寻找信号突变点,使得所设计的爆胎识别方案具有较强的适应能力.     

Estimation of the tyre–road maximum friction coefficient and slip slope based on a novel tyre model

In this article, a new approach to estimate the vehicle tyre forces, tyre–road maximum friction coefficient, and slip slope is presented. Contrary to the majority of the previous work on this subject, a new tyre model for the estimation of the tyre–road interface characterisation is proposed. First, the tyre model is built and compared with those of Pacejka, Dugoff, and one other tyre model. Then, based on a vehicle model that uses four degrees of freedom, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) method is designed to estimate the vehicle motion and tyre forces. The shortcomings of force estimation are discussed in this article. Based on the proposed tyre model and the improved force measurements, another EKF is implemented to estimate the tyre model parameters, including the maximum friction coefficient, slip slope, etc. The tyre forces are accurately obtained simultaneously. Finally, very promising results have been achieved for pure acceleration/braking for varying road conditions, both in pure steering and combined manoeuvre simulations.     

An optical tire contact pressure test bench

An optical tire contact pressure test bench developed by the IMMa group is described. The measurement system is based on the frustration of total internal reflection (FTIR) of light. The test bench allows performing normal pressure distribution and patch contact shape measurements on passenger car tires. The system is based on the use of a laterally illuminated glass on which the tire leans. Between them a plastic interphase is located that will cause the FTIR of light. A video camera catches the formed shining image through the glass. The brightness level in each pixel of the image can be related to the existing normal pressure. The study of the contact patch provided by the bench makes it possible to characterize tire behaviour under different loading states, inflation pressure, tire defects and toe and camber angles. The bench incorporates a computerized load and control system of the tire operation parameters, an image acquisition module and a data acquisition system that allow monitoring and acting on the experimental variables of interest in the tests such as load on the tire and environmental conditions. A supporting mechanical system incorporated to the bench allows providing the tire with variable toe and camber angles. From the images obtained with this system, the maximum normal pressure points, total force, size and shape of the patch can be determined, which are related to the tire-use conditions. As an application example, results that show the patch size and shape under different load and tire inflation pressures are presented. A further application, which is the use of the system for the detection and study of defective tires is also presented.     

Comparative study of vehicle tyre–road friction coefficient estimation with a novel cost-effective method

This paper qualitatively and quantitatively reviews and compares three typical tyre–road friction coefficient estimation methods, which are the slip slope method, individual tyre force estimation method and extended Kalman filter method, and then presents a new cost-effective tyre–road friction coefficient estimation method. Based on the qualitative analysis and the numerical comparisons, it is found that all of the three typical methods can successfully estimate the tyre force and friction coefficient in most of the test conditions, but the estimation performance is compromised for some of the methods during different simulation scenarios. In addition, all of these three methods need global positioning system (GPS) to measure the absolute velocity of a vehicle. To overcome the above-mentioned problem, a novel cost-effective estimation method is proposed in this paper. This method requires only the inputs of wheel angular velocity, traction/brake torque and longitudinal acceleration, which are all easy to be measured using available sensors installed in passenger vehicles. By using this method, the vehicle absolute velocity and slip ratio can be estimated by an improved nonlinear observer without using GPS, and the friction force and tyre–road friction coefficient can be obtained from the estimated vehicle velocity and slip ratio. Simulations are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method.     

Dynamic simulations of the freight three-piece bogie motion in curve

A loaded freight vehicle with two three-piece bogies is modelled using the accessible mathematical software MATLAB. The results are compared with its corresponding ADAMS/Rail dynamic multibody simulation model, where similar derailment factors are encountered for the freight vehicle. Both models reveal that the possibility of derailment increases immediately after entering and at the end of the curve – signifying the beginning and the end of the curve as two major points for derailment. Although a three-piece bogie construction is rather simple, its mathematical model proves to be very complex and is nonlinear due to the reported frictional contact at the rail/wheel interface as well as the friction wedges. This research is stimulated by bogie derailments that have occurred in the Iranian railways as well as those in the rest of the world.