高桩码头溶洞桩承载力设计探讨

结合长江中游岩溶地区二根不同情况的桩基自平衡试验和应力测试结果,对桩的荷载传递特性进行了详细的对比分析,分析结果表明,溶洞高度范围内的桩侧阻力尺寸效应系数几乎为零,桩端阻力与溶洞大小、尺寸无关。在计算溶洞嵌岩桩轴向承载力时,端阻力尺寸效应系数仍按规范规定取值,侧摩阻力尺寸效应系数需考虑现场实际。     

活塞环密封性计算与试验的研究

本文介绍了新型复合活塞环的动态理论依据,对活塞环建立动态数值模型,模拟计算了新型复合活塞环与传统活塞环开张x值(气缸增加和减小的半径之差)并进行比较,与此同时进行基于倒拖法的动态试验研究。结果表明,动态数值模拟和基于倒拖法的实验都证明了新型复合式活塞环密封性优于传统活塞环,且低速度段最大爆发压力就提高10%以上,随着转速升高,新型复合式活塞环比传统活塞环更能表现其优越的密封性。     

浸水状态下湿陷性黄土场地螺旋灌注桩负摩阻力与土体湿陷规律试验

为深入揭示大厚度黄土地区黄土湿陷特征、水分入渗规律、湿陷范围以及黄土湿陷对长螺旋灌注桩与双向螺旋挤土灌注桩负摩阻力变化的影响等问题,在兰州榆中大厚度湿陷性黄土场地进行了4组双向螺旋挤土灌注桩与2组长螺旋灌注桩浸水载荷试验。试验结果表明:浸水试坑内与试坑外浅标点的湿陷沉降量与时间变化规律基本一致;土体湿陷具有明显的阶段性,并非整体一次完成;土体在不同深度处发生湿陷的时间、湿陷总量各不相同,且深标点整体的湿陷沉降较浅标点发生更加充分;径向与竖向水分入渗速率整体呈函数型衰减,竖向入渗速率是径向的1.5~3.0倍,提出了通过水分入渗速率确定湿陷范围的计算方法,并与试验结果进行对比;土体湿陷竖向深度在24 m范围内,径向在10 m范围内,建议湿陷性黄土地基处理时将竖向24 m、径向10 m作为参考范围;同一工况下双向螺旋挤土灌注桩受到的负摩阻力明显大于长螺旋灌注桩,确定双向螺旋挤土灌注桩桩侧负摩阻力大小时,应将距离桩心0.75D为半径的圆周范围内丧失湿陷性的土体考虑进去,且受力面积按1.5倍桩侧表面积等效放大。     

SS4改型机车摩擦减振器座及连接结构的改进

针对SS4改型机车在运用过程中转向架摩擦减振器座与构架连接焊缝裂纹问题,分析了裂纹的形成原因,对其进行强度计算,并提出了改进结构,通过对比分析,得到了较好的摩擦减振器座及其连接结构。     

"金荣"船主机连杆大端轴瓦烧熔事故原因分析及处理措施

分析“金荣”船主机连杆大端轴瓦烧熔事故原因，指出固定螺栓的断裂、十字头销下瓦位移是造成事故的主要原因，提出处理预防措施。     

Dynamic emulation of road/tyre longitudinal interaction for developing electric vehicle control systems

Current research on electric vehicles (EVs) is focusing on the environment and energy aspects. However, electric motors also have much better control performance than conventional internal combustion engines. EVs could not only be ‘cleaner’ and ‘more energy efficient’, but also become ‘safer’ with ‘better driving performance’. In this paper, a discrete elasto-plastic friction model is proposed for a dynamic emulation of road/tyre friction in order to validate the control design of EV control systems in laboratory facilities. Experimental results show the dynamic emulation is able to capture the transient behaviour of the road/tyre friction force during braking and acceleration, therefore enabling a more reliable validation of various EV control methods. And the computation of inverse dynamics, which usually needs to be considered in conventional emulation approaches, can be avoided using the proposed dynamic friction model.     

A review of dynamics modelling of friction draft gear

Longer and heavier trains mean larger in-train forces and more complicated force patterns. Practical experience indicates that the development of fatigue failure of coupling systems in long heavy trains may differ from conventional understanding. The friction-type draft gears are the most widely used draft gears. The ever developing heavy haul transport environment requires further or new understanding of friction draft gear behaviour and its implications for train dynamics as well as fatigue damage of rolling stock. However, modelling of friction draft gears is a highly nonlinear question. Especially the poor predictability, repeatability and the discontinuity of friction make this task more challenging. This article reviews current techniques in dynamics modelling of friction draft gears to provide a starting point that can be used to improve existing or develop new models to achieve more accurate force amplitude and pattern predictions.     

摩擦摆支座在桥梁抗震设计中的应用及分析

介绍摩擦摆式减隔震支座在桥梁抗震设计中的应用,并结合"跨511路大桥"项目工程中(30+40+30)m连续梁桥,着重介绍了摩擦摆式支座的参数选取及隔震方案设计。根据采用普通支座和摩擦摆式支座两种方案的地震反应对比分析,论证了摩擦摆式支座在桥梁减隔震设计中的效果,并对该类支座在应用中存在的问题作了初步探讨,以供今后类似工程抗震设计参考。     

Smoothing dry friction damping by dither generated in rolling contact of wheel and rail and its influence on ride dynamics of freight wagons

Friction dampers of mechanical systems are frequently exposed to medium-frequency (M-F) dither generated in the surrounding environment. A dithered system of technical importance is the railway freight wagon with friction dampers in the primary suspension developing two-dimensional friction, where dither is generated by the rolling contact of wheel and rail. This paper presents some results of the investigation of the influence of dither on dry friction damping. This influence has been studied experimentally and theoretically, and the parameters of dither influencing dry friction damping have been indicated. An experimental set-up has been designed that allows investigating friction damping in the presence of dither. The experiments have shown that friction damping in the presence of the M-F dither behaves like viscous damping. This means that dither smoothes dry friction as far as damping is concerned. To investigate this phenomenon theoretically, a rheological model of dry friction has been proposed that is applicable to one- and two-dimensional friction. In the latter case, the model takes into account friction anisotropy. According to performed numerical simulations of freight wagon motion, with dither supplied to the model through measured vertical accelerations of axle boxes, smoothing dry friction by dither strongly influences ride dynamics of the wagon with friction dampers in the primary suspension. Smoothing dry friction by dither should be accounted for in numerical simulations of motion of vehicles with friction dampers in the primary suspension by employing a proper model of the two-dimensional friction and application of realistic dither generated by rolling contact.     

轮胎制动力—滑移率特性的动态模型研究

轮胎制动力及滑移率对制动力矩的响应存在着显著的低频衰减振荡现象，这从制动力－滑移率特性曲线上看，表现为一系列的以稳态点为中心的旋涡状过渡曲线。这是稳态的轮胎模型所不能描述的。本文在稳态ｂｒｕｓｈ轮胎模型基础上，通过印迹前端蹼处胎冠一阶变形模型，建立了轮胎制动力－滑移率的动态模型，并根据转鼓试验台上的轮胎制动试验，验证了该模型的仿真效果。