反渗透海水淡化用海水泵的研究与发展现状

海水淡化是人类解决淡水缺乏的必然途径,反渗透海水淡化适应性宽,无论大、中、小规模,还是海水或苦咸水都适用,是近20年发展最快的海水淡化技术,本文主要介绍反渗透海水淡化系统中的关键部件-海水泵的国内外研究、应用与发展现状,分析探讨了海水泵的关键技术问题.     

汽车天窗玻璃密封条开启、关闭异响问题的研究

汽车天窗即作为通风、采光的汽车功能部件,同时也是直接能被客户感知的部件,汽车天窗的运行时平稳、安静能提高乘员的舒适性。本文从机理上对天窗打开、关闭过程中的密封条摩擦振动进行了分析,并提出了部分影响、控制因素。设计、开发及验证阶段注意这些因素,即可避免出现这样的问题,稳定天窗总成的质量。     

土体中应力分布基本规律的探讨

基于土体的颗粒结构和只有颗粒接触传递应力的特性，对不同姿态颗粒接触中应力传递的机理分析，揭示了土体在相对静态下存在主动力的应力扩散效应和强被动力的应力集中效应，及其形成的土体中应力分布基本规律。主动力的应力场是以其所在土层的应力扩散角θ向外扩散的园锥形应力范围，在应力场内应力扩散分布，主应力方向不变，且伴有与之垂直的法向应力，应力分布均衡了应力场内颗粒和支承面的位移趋势。强被动力的支承面上存在以θ角向外扩散倒锥台形的应力平衡范围，在此范围内反向应力集中作用到强支承面，强支承面主导了其所在应力场的应力分布。土拱效应是应力集中效应的衍生效应，是相邻的同向强支承反力的应力平衡范围发生重迭时产生的现象。     

Dynamic model for the wheel–rail contact friction

Accurately estimating the coefficient of friction (CoF) is essential in modelling railroad dynamics, reducing maintenance costs, and increasing safety in rail operations. The typical assumption of a constant CoF is widely used in theoretical studies; however, it has been noticed that the CoF is not constant, but rather depends on various dynamic parameters and instantaneous conditions. In this paper, we present a newly developed three-dimensional nonlinear CoF model for the dry rail condition and test the CoF variation using this model with estimated dynamic parameters. The wheel–rail is modelled as a mass–spring–damper system to simulate the basic wheel–rail dynamics. Although relatively simple, this model is considered sufficient for the purpose of this study. Simulations are performed at a train speed of 20 m/s using rail roughness as an excitation source. The model captures the CoF extremes and illustrates its nonlinear behaviour and instantaneous dependence on several structural and dynamic parameters.     

Geometric design safety estimation based on tire–road side friction

A closed-loop drive–vehicle–road–environment system (DVRES) model was established using Adams/Car and Matlab/Simulink. Dynamic responses of lateral tire forces based on tire–road side friction and road geometric characteristics are used to investigate vehicle side slip for geometric design safety estimation. The root mean square, the maximum values of lateral tire forces, comfort limit on curves and vehicle trajectories are used to quantify the safety margin of side friction. The simulation results show that the safety margins of lateral tire forces for radius, operating speed and superelevation rate were 18.2%, 19.3% and 17.6%, respectively, to guarantee good vehicle lateral reliability and ride comfort, while lower speeds are optimal in wet and slippery roads. Finally, a case study was conducted to illustrate the analysis of road design safety, and on-site experiment testing further validated the accuracy and reliability of the closed-loop DVRES model.     

半潜式钻井平台用三滚筒锚机研制

针对目前国内半潜式钻井平台配套用三滚筒式锚机研究文献较少的现状,开展三滚筒锚机的设计研究。该锚机最大额定拉力1 700 kN,容绳量3 500 m,结构采用双滚筒摩擦绞车和储存绞车配合形式,可满足1 200 m水深半潜式钻井平台应用。文中着重介绍了主要设计原理,并进行详细的校核计算及关键部件有限元分析,结论证明该设计合理,使用可靠且安全。     

浅谈减缓机车车轮剥离

分析了当前机车车轮剥离的一种原因 ,提出减缓我国机车车轮马氏体剥离和制动剥离的方法。     

高速列车摩擦制动模拟试验研究

根据相似准则在MM 10 0 0型摩擦磨损试验机上进行高速列车摩擦制动模拟试验 ,研究了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料和铜基粉末冶金闸片配对时的制动摩擦性能 ,探讨使用铝基复合材料制动盘的可能性。模拟试验结果表明 :铝基复合材料制动盘和铜基粉末冶金闸片配副进行摩擦制动时具有制动温升低 ,摩擦因数稳定和耐磨性好的优点 ,能满足高速列车的制动性能要求     

车轮踏面剥离试验研究

剥离是车轮踏面失效的主要类型。车轮剥离一般分为2种类型,一类是由滚动接触疲劳应力作用引起的剥离;另一类是由热作用和机械作用引起的剥离,主要有制动剥离和擦伤剥离。2种类型的车轮剥离实际上都与轮轨表面摩擦力直接相关。本文主要通过模拟试验研究轮轨摩擦力对车轮剥离的影响。     

侧摩阻力对桩稳定性的影响

以m法为基础,用梁函数逼近桩变形曲线,用文献中方法较为精确地分析了不计和计桩侧摩阻力桩的计算长度。土的抗力增加,桩的刚度减小,桩失稳半波数增加,一般n<10。桩侧摩阻力,特别是负摩阻力对桩的稳定有实质性的影响。