桥梁橡胶支座应用中的质量问题分析及对策

随着橡胶支座的广泛应用,其产品质量和使用中所暴露的问题已不容忽视。通过对近年来设计、施工和试验检测的总结,对橡胶支座使用中存在的问题进行分析,并提出相关建议。     

无损检测技术在汽车工业上的应用

本文介绍了现代无损检测技术在汽车工业上的应用以及其发展趋势。     

轮胎在水平路面上的自由滚动接触分析

利用轮胎的模态参数直接对轮胎在水平路面上的滚动建立了便于解析计算的仿真模型。该模型可模拟轮胎稳态的滚动过程并可计算出不小同工况下的滚动特性、有效滚动半径、载荷与下沉量的关系以及印迹内变形和分布力。计算结果揭示了以往模型难以描述的微观现象,与以往文献的试验研究结果定性一致,充分显示了模型的合理性。     

轮胎模态试验分析的研究

为寻求对轮胎高阶模态参数的提取,对一子午线轮胎分别进行了单、双点激振模态试验分析的研究,并用LMS Cada—X中的FDPI方法及LMS Test．Lab中的PolyMAX方法进行了分析比较。结果表明,FDPI方法只能识别出低频范围的模态参数,而PolyMAX方法对高频段难以识别出的模态参数也可给出较好的结果。对轮胎这种具有很好的对称性的结构,双点激振可给出很好的重根模态。     

机动车道路排放的实时测试系统开发及试验研究

在OEM-2100基础上开发了一种机动车道路排放实时测试系统,并在实际道路上进行了轻型车的实时排放测试。计算了路段排放因子和排放总量,分析了车辆各行驶工况所占时间和排放量比例以及平均排放率,研究了各工况下机动车尾气污染物的贡献率,为准确测定交通流中单车污染物提供一种可行的方法。该测试系统为建立排放模型提供数据依据,对于评价交通控制改进措施和智能交通系统对排放的影响具有重要的意义。     

实测轻型货车轮载作用下沥青路面力学响应分析

作者利用自己实测的轮胎接地压力分布,用三维有限元方法分析了轻型货车不同轮胎,在不同胎压和不同负荷作用下,沥青路面结构层的力学响应。结果表明:实际的轮胎接地压力分布具有明显的非均匀性,且随轮胎的结构类型、花纹、胎压、负荷甚至使用年限的不同而有很大的差异。轻型货车对路面结构产生的应力响应不能忽视。     

Environmental effects on Pacejka’s scaling factors

A set of scaling factors has been introduced by Pacejka [Pacejka, H.B., 2002, Tyre and Vehicle Dynamics (Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann Editions)] into his Magic Formula tyre model to take into account the influence of a number of external overall parameters such as road roughness, weather conditions, suspension characteristics and so on. These scaling factors are important for a correct prediction of tyre–road contact forces, but are not a function of the tyre itself. Changing the point of view, one could say that scaling factors should remain constant for different tyres on the same circuit, with the same weather conditions and with the same car. After characterizing different tyres through indoor tests (that do not consider external overall parameters) and after having identified Pacejka’s coefficients with scaling factors equal to one, several outdoor experimental tests have been carried out to assess the influence of vehicle and road surface conditions on scaling factors. These experimental data allowed us to identify, through a minimization approach, the ‘best’ set of Pacejka’s scaling factors for that vehicle and for that tyre on that track. Scaling factors for equal track and vehicle but different tyres were compared to check whether their values remained constant. To access the validity of scaling factors, a comparison between experimental data, collected on an instrumented passenger car, and MB simulations considering unity and identified scaling factors’ values, were carried out. All experimental data shown in this article come from tests carried out within the VERTEC project, a European founded research project (Task 2.a and 2.b) that puts together knowledge coming from vehicle manufacturers (Volvo, Porsche and Centro Ricerche Fiat CRF), tyre manufacturers (Pirelli and Nokian Tyres), control logic manufacturers (Lucas Varity GmbH), road maintenance experts (Centres d’Études Techniques de l’Équipement CETE), transport research organizations (Transport Research Laboratory TRL, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute VTI) and universities (Helsinki University of Technology HUT, Politecnico di Milano and University of Florence UNIFI).     

Tractor–semitrailer model for vehicles carrying liquids

This article presents a model for solving solid–fluid interactions in vehicles carrying liquids. A tractor–semitrailer model is developed by incorporating suspension systems and tire dynamics. Owing to the solid–fluid interaction, equations of motion for the vehicle system are coupled. To simplify the complicated solution procedure, the coupled equations are solved separately using two different codes. Each code is analyzed separately; but as the parameters of the two codes depend on each other, the codes must be connected at the end of each time step. To determine the dynamic behavior of the system, different braking moments are applied. As the braking moments increase, braking time decreases. However, it turns out that increasing the braking moment to more than a certain level produces no significant results. It is also shown that vehicles carrying fluids need a greater amount of braking moments in comparison to vehicles carrying solids during braking. In addition, as the level of the fluid inside the tanker increases, from one-third to two-third of the tanker’s volume, the sloshing forces applied to the tanker’s walls increase. It was also concluded that the strategy used in this article to solve for the solid–fluid interaction by incorporating vehicle dynamic effects represents an effective method for determining the dynamic behavior of vehicles carrying fluids in other critical maneuvers.     

大轴重条件下重载铁路路基变形特性研究

随着重载铁路列车轴重的不断增加,作用于路基上动应力也随之增大,进而引起路基塑性变形和弹性变形的增大,严重影响了列车的安全运行。通过对路基现场动态测试和室内分级加载动三轴试验,分析了不同压实度的重载铁路路基土体的塑性变形和弹性变形随动应力增大的变化规律,为预测轴重增加条件下的路基稳定性及变形的发展规律提供依据。     

产教融合视域下高职汽车检测与维修专业课程体系的构建分析

当前社会,人们的物质生活在不断提高,对汽车的需求也越来越多,同时汽车产业也对汽车相关专业的人才要求越来越高.在高职院校中,产教融合是新兴的办学模式,不仅可以实现其与汽车检测与维修专业建立联系,还能有效提升汽车检修专业学生的实操技能.对此,本文将基于产教融合为高职汽车检修专业课程教学带来的优势与发展现状,阐述在产教融合的...