基于ISO26262的以太网网关硬件开发研究

文章结合以太网网关的硬件设计,阐述在得到相应安全目标后,如何基于ISO26262进行安全等级的分解、器件的选型、硬件的设计及硬件功能安全相关参数的计算.通过文章所提出的硬件设计注意事项,设计了一款满足功能安全要求的以太网网关.     

驾驶过程中手机使用行为数据采集及分析

驾驶过程中使用手机的行为存在安全隐患,是当今导致交通安全事故的原因之一。文章借助于信息技术开发出采集使用手机行为数据的App,从真实数据出发,客观地分析驾驶员在开车过程中使用手机这一不良驾驶行为的覆盖程度及危险程度,并提出将手机使用行为作为驾驶风险评价因子。     

湖北沪渝高速长大纵坡交通安全改造方案

文章主要对山区高速公路长度较大,且坡度较陡路段的交通事故分析,捋清各种事故的共同特点和诱发因素,从事故状况、路线状况、事故原因分析、交通设施的角度对湖北沪渝高速公路鄂西段提出了安全改造方案,由于运营的原因,现在进行安全改造不太可能采用路线的措施。上面所提到的措施可以同时运用,也可以选用其中一种或几种,都将在一定程度上减少事故次数、降低事故严重程度。在此基础上,为鄂西段高速公路的安全管理提出一些参考建议,为高速公路长大下坡路段的安全设计与风险管控提供有益的指导。     

Direct formulation and algorithms for the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem

This paper proposes simple and direct formulation and algorithms for the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem. It is only necessary to account for random variables independent of link flows by performing a simple transformation of the perceived link travel time with a normal distribution. At every iteration of a Monte-Carlo simulation procedure, the values of the random variables are sampled based on their probability distributions, and then a regular deterministic user equilibrium assignment is carried out to produce link flows. The link flows produced at each iteration of the Monte-Carlo simulation are averaged to yield the final flow pattern. Two test networks demonstrate that the proposed algorithms and the traditional algorithm (the Method of Successive Averages) produce similar results and that the proposed algorithms can be extended to the computation of the case in which the random error term depends on measured travel time.     

Genetics of traffic assignment models for strategic transport planning

This paper presents a review and classification of traffic assignment models for strategic transport planning purposes by using concepts analogous to genetics in biology. Traffic assignment models share the same theoretical framework (DNA), but differ in capability (genes). We argue that all traffic assignment models can be described by three genes. The first gene determines the spatial capability (unrestricted, capacity restrained, capacity constrained, and capacity and storage constrained) described by four spatial assumptions (shape of the fundamental diagram, capacity constraints, storage constraints, and turn flow restrictions). The second gene determines the temporal capability (static, semi-dynamic, and dynamic) described by three temporal assumptions (wave speeds, vehicle propagation speeds, and residual traffic transfer). The third gene determines the behavioural capability (all-or-nothing, one shot, and equilibrium) described by two behavioural assumptions (decision-making and travel time consideration). This classification provides a deeper understanding of the often implicit assumptions made in traffic assignment models described in the literature. It further allows for comparing different models in terms of functionality, and paves the way for developing novel traffic assignment models.     

典型地铁站台射频天线电磁暴露安全评估

为有效评估典型地铁站台射频天线对乘客电磁暴露的安全性,设计地铁站台无线通信系统吸顶天线和乘客人体模型,利用基于有限元的电磁仿真软件,构建吸顶天线辐射下的地铁站台乘客候车电磁环境模型,研究候车乘客的公众电磁暴露问题。结果表明:天线分别工作在900和2 440 MHz时,人体组织的平均比吸收率最大值分别为4.441×10-7和1.165×10^-6W·kg^-1,电场强度最大值分别为0.139和0.148V·m^-1,平均比吸收率在人体组织内的衰减均大于电场强度的衰减;2 440MHz时的射频电磁能量在颅内的穿透能力小于900MHz时;所有计算值均低于国际非电离辐射委员会制定的公众电磁暴露限值,说明地铁站台射频天线对乘客的电磁暴露不会构成健康威胁。     

Noise level in the vicinity of signalized roundabouts

The analysis, assessment and estimation of noise levels in the vicinity of intersections is a more complex problem than a similar analysis for roads and streets. This is due to the varied geometry of the intersections, differences in the loads of individual movements, participation of heavy vehicles and mass transport vehicles, as well as the various types of traffic management and traffic control. This article analyses the influence of intersection type and traffic characteristics on the noise levels in the vicinity of classic channelized intersections with signalization, roundabouts and signalized roundabouts. Based on the conducted measurements, it has been established that, with comparable traffic parameters and the same distance from the geometric centre of the intersection, the L_Aeq value for signalized roundabouts is 2.5–10.8 dB higher in comparison to classic channelized intersections with signalization and 3.3–6.7 dB higher in relations to the analysed roundabout. Additionally the differences between L_Aeq levels at individual entries at the same signalized roundabouts may reach the value of approximately 4.5 dB. Such situation is influenced by differences in the intersection geometry, diameter of the intersection’s central island, traffic flow type, traffic management at the entries and traffic volume, especially the amount and traffic movements of multiple axle heavy vehicles. These factors have been analysed in detail in relation to signalized roundabouts in this paper.     

机动车超速行驶防范对策分析

机动丰超速行驶是引起交通事故的主要原因,是严重的道路交通违法行为之一。机动丰超速是由于驾驶人没有及时纠正驾驶过程中的误判、误动的结果。引起超速的原因包括驾驶人、机动车、交通安全设施和其他因素四个方面,应从教育培训、法律、交通安全设施、交通科技四个方面采取措施预防超速。     

基于CCP协议的大功率高压共轨柴油机安全控制系统设计

以某10000kW大功率高压共轨电控柴油机为研究对象,实现柴油机状态参数的在线控制、标定和实时循环采集,并阐述CCP通信应用层协议的应用技巧和开发过程。该系统功能完备且稳定性好,为整机综合电控系统的开发提供通信基础平台,能明显缩短较复杂的大系统研发周期,可广泛应用于工程项目中。     

Spatiotemporal traffic forecasting: review and proposed directions

This paper systematically reviews studies that forecast short-term traffic conditions using spatial dependence between links. We extract and synthesise 130 research papers, considering two perspectives: (1) methodological framework and (2) methods for capturing spatial information. Spatial information boosts the accuracy of prediction, particularly in congested traffic regimes and for longer horizons. Machine learning methods, which have attracted more attention in recent years, outperform the naïve statistical methods such as historical average and exponential smoothing. However, there is no guarantee of superiority when machine learning methods are compared with advanced statistical methods such as spatiotemporal autoregressive integrated moving average. As for the spatial dependency detection, a large gulf exists between the realistic spatial dependence of traffic links on a real network and the studied networks as follows: (1) studies capture spatial dependency of either adjacent or distant upstream and downstream links with the study link, (2) the spatially relevant links are selected either by prejudgment or by correlation-coefficient analysis, and (3) studies develop forecasting methods in a corridor test sample, where all links are connected sequentially together, assume a similarity between the behaviour of both parallel and adjacent links, and overlook the competitive nature of traffic links.