双车道公路事故多发点成因及防治措施

根据某公路的历年事故统计资料,对双车道公路典型事故多发点按照其所处的位置,从一般公路段、平面交叉口及城镇化公路段三个类别对事故发生的原因进行详细的分析,最后针对各种事故的成因提出原则性对策,指导事故多发点的整治改造。     

交通事故摄影测量中相机标定的扩展两步法

为了利用摄影测量技术提高交通事故数据采集的效率,分析了交通事故与相机标定方法的特点,提出了交通事故现场摄影测量的扩展两步相机标定方法。在扩展两步标定方法中,首先对相机进行线性标定,然后进行非线性修正,最后进行图像校正,并提出了完整的标定步骤和程序,进行了相机标定实验。扩展方法标定的结果与线性标定结果相比,最大绝对误差和相对误差分别为10.9和1.7%,最小绝对误差和相对误差分别为4.1和1.0%,表明扩展两步相机标定方法能够显著提高相机标定精度,抗噪性能稳定。     

具有接触特性的推力轴承壳体的有限元分析

利用非线性有限元软件Marc对大型推力轴承的壳体进行了接触有限元分析,给出了壳体在最大负载下的变形数据,并与实测值进行了比较.根据计算分析结果,进一步对推力轴承壳体提出了改进方案.文中还就接触界面的网格协调性对接触分析结果的影响进行了探讨.     

江西省高速公路路侧交通事故统计分析和路侧障碍物处理对策

通过调查江西省昌樟高速梅林段、梨温高速和泰井高速2006年至2007年单车路侧交通事故,详细记录并分析事故资料,总结出江西省高速公路单车路侧事故的特点以及相应路侧障碍物在路侧事故中的反应特点,提出13种常见路侧障碍物的处理对策。     

Efficient missing data imputing for traffic flow by considering temporal and spatial dependence

The missing data problem remains as a difficulty in a diverse variety of transportation applications, e.g. traffic flow prediction and traffic pattern recognition. To solve this problem, numerous algorithms had been proposed in the last decade to impute the missed data. However, few existing studies had fully used the traffic flow information of neighboring detecting points to improve imputing performance. In this paper, probabilistic principle component analysis (PPCA) based imputing method, which had been proven to be one of the most effective imputing methods without using temporal or spatial dependence, is extended to utilize the information of multiple points. We systematically examine the potential benefits of multi-point data fusion and study the possible influence of measurement time lags. Tests indicate that the hidden temporal–spatial dependence is nonlinear and could be better retrieved by kernel probabilistic principle component analysis (KPPCA) based method rather than PPCA method. Comparison proves that imputing errors can be notably reduced, if temporal–spatial dependence has been appropriately considered.     

Modeling the Car-Truck Interaction in a System-Optimal Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model

Several transportation problems, such as implementation of truck-only lanes, require understanding the interaction of heterogeneous dynamic traffic flows in order to provide accurate solutions. System-optimal dynamic traffic assignment can be modeled using a network loading procedure based on the cell transmission model, that is, the hydrodynamic wave model, and solved by linear programming. However, this framework cannot handle the asymmetric integration between the flow of trucks and cars. This article presents a novel formulation for network loading in system-optimal dynamic traffic assignment considering car–truck interactions. By using an embedded cell transmission model, this formulation incorporates a set of assumptions related to the kinematic characteristics of the flow of cars, trucks, and their interactions that can be solved using linear programming. We present numerical results supporting our modeling assumptions. Likewise, the observed emergent behavior captures the car–truck interactions accurately and indicates that minimum system-optimal travel time is obtained by encouraging cars to use highways with shorter distances.     

Did California’s hand-held cell phone ban reduce accidents?

On July 1st, 2008, California enacted a ban on hand-held cell phone use while driving. Using California Highway Patrol panel accident data for California freeways from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2008, we examine whether this policy reduced the number of accidents on California highways. To control for unobserved time-varying effects that could be correlated with the ban, we use high-frequency data and a regression discontinuity design. We find no evidence that the ban on hand-held cell phone use led to a reduction in traffic accidents.     

城市干道系统交通事故预测模型研究

以哈尔滨市干道路网为研究对象,收集到了该路网上468个路段和163个平面交叉口的道路交通数据,以及1999年至2004年所发生的8510起交通事故数据.分析了事故数据的统计分布特性,应用聚类分析技术确定了路段和交叉口的类别 ,并在此基础上分别建立了事故总体和分事故形态的预测模型.论文探讨了高峰时段的事故次数、事故率与路段v/c之间的定量关系.标定出了24个模型,并形成干道系统事故预测模型库.最后,运用所建立的事故预测模型选取了2010年哈尔滨规划路网的一部分进行实例分析,结果表明了预测模型是有效的.     

苇元隧道事故原因分析及处治方法的探讨

 苇元隧道在施工过程中出现整体严重下沉事故，作者从隧道所处地形、地质构造、施工时间及施工工法等方面分析其产生原因，并且在隧道防排水处理、初期支护加强、地基处理等方面提出相应措施，从而有效抑制事故的进一步发展，为后续安全施工提供了有力保障。     

变形车辆自标定三维重建的建模研究

变形车辆测量是道路交通事故再现的重要基础性工作。建立基于普通数码相机的事故变形车辆自标定三维重建模型,可以避免在现场设置标定物,有利于提高变形车辆的勘测效率和三维重建设备的使用方便性。研究了基于基础矩阵估计的事故变形车辆摄影图像自标定三维模型,并分析了其实现过程。实验表明,自标定三维重建能为事故再现提供详细的车辆变形描述。