基于道路负荷与公平性的单向交通组织优化

为了提高支路的利用率以缓解城市主干道的拥堵,本文从道路负荷与公平性的角度出发,确定单向交通组织优化方法. 建立了以路段饱和度超限量和车辆绕行系数最小化为目标的双层规划模型,其中上层模型通过优化支路的单向方案以使目标值最小,下层模型按照用户均衡分配准则进行配流. 进而设计了求解模型的模拟退火算法,在算法每一步迭代时,从当前达到一定拥堵程度的支路路段集中选择其一调整单向组织方案. 算例结果表明,单向交通组织可以降低路段饱和度超限量,缓解干道路段的拥堵,但随着绕行系数比重的增大,路段饱和度超限量的优化能力逐渐减弱.     

北京市平面交叉口弱势群体安全改善措施

非机动车及行人在交通事故中占很大比例,并处于弱势地位,急需得到特殊保护。利用交通冲突技术（TrafficConflictTechnique,TCT）分析行人和非机动车在交叉口的安全状况,提出减少冲突的策略。以北京市交通冲突问题较典型的平面交叉口为例,针对设置非机动车二次左转待转线、为右转机动车设置右转红绿灯、为行人设置二次过街安全岛、改变平面交叉口护栏长度及位置等典型改善措施,采用违章比例、车速、步速、冲突数等指标,对比分析措施实施前后交叉口的交通运行状况,评价改善措施实施效果。结果表明,采取的改善措施能提高平面交叉口弱势群体的交通安全性。     

城市停车规划分区方法研究

停车分区是城市停车系统规划的基础与关键问题。面向停车分区的目标,从分区的依据出发,构建宏观、中观、微观三个层面的分区体系,提出从微观集聚到中观,再过渡到宏观的分区方法,实现串联从微观设施配置、中观策略实施至宏观战略制定的整个过程。并以南京市为例,讨论了该方法在实践中的适应性。     

《建设项目交通影响评价技术标准》简析

住房和城乡建设部组织编制的《建设项目交通影响评价技术标准》（CJJ/T 141—2010,以下简称《标准》）于2010年3月31日获批,将于2010年9月1日起实施。对其重要技术规定进行解读有助于贯宣《标准》和指导建设项目交通影响评价工作。简要介绍了《标准》的主要编制原则以及内容要点,并对《标准》的适用范围进行解析。重点解读《标准》中的技术规定,包括交通影响评价与法定规划的关系,建设项目分类,评价启动阈值,评价范围、年限、时段与评价日,交通需求分析与交通影响程度评价体系,以及交通改善措施与评价等。最后,对《标准》的实施提出了若干建议。     

GPS与GIS集成在交通指挥系统中的应用

在讨论GPS(全球卫星定位系统)与GIS(地理信息系统)集成在交通指挥系统中应用的基础上,探讨了系统中电子地图的空间数据组织,卫星定位系统的组成、原理及特点。     

城市交通调查内容与方法分析

详细阐述了城市交通的内容与方法。     

分散自律调度集中系统的再认识及新问题分析

基于自律可控性和自律可协调性描述分散自律调度集中系统的特点,分析分散自律调度集中系统的体系结构和基本功能,进一步分析角色自律分散系统的体系结构,得到其体系结构的特点.将角色自律分散体系结构应用于分散调度集中系统中,在技术上具有可行性,并具有潜在的应用前景.     

Retrospect and prospect of “Traffic Safety Education” in Kagawa Prefecture

The aim of this paper is to explain why we have conducted “Traffic Safety Education” in the Kagawa Prefecture during the past ten years so as to clarify the important factors for preventing painful traffic accidents in advance. To meet this aim, we firstly clarify the reason why we eventually decided to conduct “Traffic Safety Education” in the Kagawa Prefecture. In other words, the organization of powerful actors and/or leaders to cope with traffic accidents plays a very important role in “Traffic Safety Education.” Then, we specifically describe the essential parts of our “Traffic Safety Education”. In this respect, we have decided to select the following two aims: to reduce the number of traffic accidents, and to improve traffic manners, respectively. Thirdly, we evaluate various measures, such as teaching materials, teaching methods, and other activities of our “Traffic Safety Education” in detail. Lastly, we summarize the remaining tasks, which have been revealed so far, together with some concluding remarks.     

Hysteresis in traffic flow revisited: An improved measurement method

This paper presents new insights on the hysteresis phenomenon in congested freeway traffic. It is found that existing theories based on different driver behavior for acceleration and deceleration are incomplete. The data suggests that one needs to consider aggressive and timid driver behavior as well. These findings are based on an improved method for measuring traffic flow variables from trajectory data consistently with kinematic wave theory.     

Applications of wavelet transform for analysis of freeway traffic: Bottlenecks, transient traffic, and traffic oscillations

This paper demonstrates the capabilities of wavelet transform (WT) for analyzing important features related to bottleneck activations and traffic oscillations in congested traffic in a systematic manner. In particular, the analysis of loop detector data from a freeway shows that the use of wavelet-based energy can effectively identify the location of an active bottleneck, the arrival time of the resulting queue at each upstream sensor location, and the start and end of a transition during the onset of a queue. Vehicle trajectories were also analyzed using WT and our analysis shows that the wavelet-based energies of individual vehicles can effectively detect the origins of deceleration waves and shed light on possible triggers (e.g., lane-changing). The spatiotemporal propagations of oscillations identified by tracing wavelet-based energy peaks from vehicle to vehicle enable analysis of oscillation amplitude, duration and intensity.