城市高架轨道交通景观评价体系研究

研究目的:目前国内对于城市高架轨道景观评价的研究尚处于探索阶段,还没有成熟的指标体系及评价方法,为此需首要建立一套较为客观、简捷、实用,又能得到专家和公众认同的景观评价体系。研究方法:本文选用“目标—指标层次结构”模式,就是AHP层次分析方法,从动态景观和静态景观2个方面去构建城市高架轨道交通景观评价体系,并以重庆轻轨2号线中的2个有代表性的区段景观,对该体系进行验证。研究结论:经实例验证,本文建立的城市高架轨道交通景观评价体系能够具体体现出高架轨道景观的差异性,并能反映具体差异点及差异程度。可明确量化地反映高架轨道交通的景观评价等级和其中单项指标的景观等级,并具有可比性,其结果能准确、客观地反映城市高架轨道交通景观的实际情况,方法简单易行,具有实用性。     

Validation of a schedule‐based capacity restraint transit assignment model for a large‐scale network

This paper describes the application of a capacity restraint trip assignment algorithm to a real, large‐scale transit network and the validation of the results. Unlike the conventional frequency‐based approach, the network formulation of the proposed model is dynamic and schedule‐based. Transit vehicles are assumed to operate to a set of pre‐determined schedules. Passengers are assumed to select paths based on a generalized cost function including in‐vehicle and out‐of‐vehicle time and line change penalty. The time‐varying passenger demand is loaded onto the network by a time increment simulation method, which ensures that the capacity restraint of each vehicle during passenger boarding is strictly observed. The optimal‐path and path‐loading algorithms are applied iteratively by the method of successive averages until the network converges to the predictive dynamic user equilibrium. The Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway network is used to validate the model results. The potential applications of the model are also discussed.     

新干线信号通信设备的维修管理体制

系统地描述和分析总结了JR东日本的新干线信号通信设备的维修管理体制.对维修管理系统的管理对象、组织结构、主要任务,以及信号通信系统的中央信息监视系统和维修作业管理系统进行了充分的说明,对我国客运专线的综合维修管理体制的建设有很好的借鉴作用.     

铁路枢纽折角车流数值变化的动态模拟

以解编车流作业规则和系统资源限制为约束,构造不同目标函数下铁路枢纽编组站作业分工数学模型,给出折角车流理论最大值和最小值及相应编组站作业分工方式及车流条件。基于折角车流变化的复杂性和多样性,将外部车流环境视为一个动态的随机输入,以特定铁路枢纽为背景用计算机模拟技术和遗传算法计算不同条件下折角车流数值解。通过对模拟数据趋势变化比较分析,提出铁路枢纽运输组织不应过分追求折角车流最小等结论。     

交通分配中的梯度投影算法及其改进模型

最近的研究表明基于路径的交通分配算法具有很强的生命力和广阔的应用前景。在这些算法中,梯度投影算法(GP)由于其极高的计算效率引起了研究者极大的兴趣。但是研究同样表明GP算法在求高精度分配解时遇到了收敛问题。文章首先介绍了GP算法的理论基础及算法步骤,然后分析了算法产生收敛问题的关键原因,针对其高精度解不能很好收敛的问题,采用二分法改进了其中关键的步长确定策略,提出了改进的GP算法(IGP,Improved GP),并通过计算实例比较了GP和IGP的表现,分析了IGP的优势。并用计算实例证明IGP在求解高精度分配解和整体收敛速度两方面都优于GP。     

基于乘客换乘量和停车泊位的BRT站台规模研究

快速公交系统(BRT)的研究在我国尚处起步阶段,目前已有一些城市引进了BRT,为了保证公交的快速通行,对BRT站台规模的研究日益重要。首先找出快速公交站台规模的影响因素,由此结合排队论的相关知识,从站台乘客换乘量和泊位对站台规模的影响进行了深入探讨,提出了基于乘客换乘量和基于泊位的站台规模计算模型。该模型可以计算出站台的最小面积和最小长度;再以最小宽度为验算指标,当指标冲突时,结合调整原则,最终得到合理设置的站台规模。     

A link-node complementarity model and solution algorithm for dynamic user equilibria with exact flow propagations

In this paper, we propose a link-node complementarity model for the basic deterministic dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) problem with single-user-class and fixed demands. The model complements link-path formulations that have been widely studied for dynamic user equilibria. Under various dynamic network constraints, especially the exact flow propagation constraints, we show that the continuous-time dynamic user equilibrium problem can be formulated as an infinite dimensional mixed complementarity model. The continuous-time model can be further discretized as a finite dimensional non-linear complementarity problem (NCP). The proposed discrete-time model captures the exact flow propagation constraints that were usually approximated in previous studies. By associating link inflow at the beginning of a time interval to travel times at the end of the interval, the resulting discrete-time model is predictive rather than reactive. The solution existence and compactness condition for the proposed model is established under mild assumptions. The model is solved by an iterative algorithm with a relaxed NCP solved at each iteration. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed model and solution approach. We particularly show why predictive DUE is preferable to reactive DUE from an algorithmic perspective.     

Examining the influence of multidestination service orientation on transit service productivity: a multivariate analysis

Between 1990 and 2000, U.S. transit agencies added service and increased ridership, but the ridership increase failed to keep pace with the service increase. The result was a decline in service effectiveness (or productivity). This marks the continuation of a long-running and often-studied trend. The scholarly literature attributes this phenomenon, at least in part, to transit agency decisions to decentralize their service rather than focus on serving the traditional CBD market. Many scholars argue that a decentralized service orientation is both ineffective and inefficient because it attracts few riders and requires large per-rider subsidies. This research tests whether a non-traditional, decentralized service orientation, called multidestination service, results in reduced service productivity. Contrary to what the literature suggests, we find that MSAs whose transit agencies pursued a multidestination service orientation did not experience lower productivity. These results indicate that policies that have encouraged the growth of decentralized transit services have not necessarily been detrimental to the industry.

快速公交(BRT)线路布局优化研究

快速公交（BRT）是国际上公交发展的新模式。保证系统得以推广,同时应以低成本、显著见效为原则建设快速公交系统,因此对快速公交线路布局进行优化也是不可忽视的。为了探讨现有公共交通线网结构下如何优化BRT线路的布设问题．本文时快速公交线路布设的内部条件和外部条件进行了分析,并在此基础上依据快速公交的发展特点．以乘客的总出行时耗最小和车公里成本投入最小为目标,建立快速公交布局优化的模型．并且给出了优化目标和相应约束条件的函数表达式。通过事例分析对BRT线路布设优化算法进行说明．从而得知优化模型具有较高的应用价值。     

城市公交线网规划综合评价方法研究

首先建立科学的城市公交线网规划综合评价流程和指标体系。然后在主成分分析法原理的基础上,提出应用主成分分析法对公交线网规划进行综合评价的操作步骤。最后借助统计分析软件SPSS实施综合评价,并与专家咨询法、模糊分析法等常用综合评价方法对比分析评价结果。