城市公共交通可持续发展的评价体系研究

现今,随着交通问题的突出,很多城市都走上了公交可持续发展之路.本文介绍了一种评价城市公共交通可持续发展度的体系方法--改进层次分析-Delphi综合评价法,这种评价方法能较科学、合理地对我国一般城市公共交通可持续发展现状进行评价,而且操作简便.     

公共交通系统经营模式分析

公共交通行业的基本经营特征决定行业不能实现完全独立的商业化运转,必须纳入到城市的公共服务体系中.为打造高效、优质的公共交通系统,应在公共政策、行业管理和企业经营三个层面各司其职,形成多层次的管理体系.本文按照市场的经营主体和竞争模式划分,对国内外最为常见的管理模式进行分析,探讨各种模式的运营环境及其适应性,为国内城市制...     

坚持公交优先，努力推动我国城市交通状况改善

本文重点分析了目前我国城市交通中存在的问题,并从法律法规、经济政策、完善基础设施建设、构建综合交通体系等几个方面提出相应的对策和建议,并指出必须以公交优先、大力发展大容量快速公交为导向,引导城市发展模式转变,促进我国城市交通的健康发展。     

城乡公交一体化与新型城镇化关系初探

随着我目农村经济和社会的发展以及新型城镇化战略的实施,农村中大量劳动力向城市或者非农领域转移,从而带来客流量的与日俱增。目前既有的公交管理体制不能适应城乡未来发展的需要,城乡公交一体化应运而生。城乡公交一体化建设与新型城镇化建设两者之间存在着密切的关系。     

基于LBS的高速路网车辆行驶轨迹监控系统设计

针对目前高速公路联网收费存在的路径二义性、偷逃费、紧急救援问题,提出了基于LBS技术,对高速路网车辆行驶轨迹进行监控的解决思路。设计了系统架构和系统工作流程;分析了系统特点及关键技术;最后通过测试,实现了系统监控功能。     

Incorporating online shopping into travel demand modelling: challenges,progress, and opportunities

There is a large body of literature, spanning multiple disciplines, concerned with the relationship between traditional (physical) shopping and associated travel behaviour. However, despite the recent rapid growth of digital retailing and online shopping, the impact on travel behaviour remain poorly understood. Although the issue of the substitution and complementarity between conventional and virtual retail channels has been extensively explored, few attempts have been made to extend this work so as to incorporate virtual retail channels into modelling frameworks that can link shopping and mobility decisions. Here, we review the existing literature base with a focus on most relevant dimensions for personal mobility. How online activity can be incorporated into operational transport demand models and benefits of such effort are discussed. Existing frameworks of shopping demand are flexible and can, in principle, be extended to incorporate virtual shopping and the associated additional complexities. However, there are significant challenges associated with lack of standard ontologies for crucial concepts and insufficiencies in traditional data collection methods. Also, supply-side questions facing businesses and policy-makers are changing as retailing goes through a digital transformation. Opportunities and priorities need to be defined for future research directions for an assessment of existing tools and frameworks.     

The British colonial ‘divide and rule’ concept: its influence to transport access in inner city of George Town,Penang

George Town, Penang, is the oldest British colonial city in South East Asia. The colonial settlement layout in the inner city area is still intact today. The establishment of George Town as a trading centre had attracted immigrants from all over the world, especially from Asia (Chinese, Indians and Arabs). Recently, George Town has been enlisted under the UNESCO World Heritage Lists as an outstanding example of traditional multi-cultural settlement. The uniqueness of this inner city is that the formation of its urban pattern is the result of ‘divide and rule’ concept adopted by the British authority. Under the ‘divide and rule’ concept, these immigrants were located to settlement areas based on their ethnic background under one leader known as ‘kapitan’ (captain). The study finds that transport access in this inner city was influenced by the ‘divide and rule’ concept. Unlike formation of well-planned gridiron pattern in other British colonial cities such as in North America, Canada and Australia, the formation of the urban pattern in George Town has an irregular gridiron pattern. This type of urban pattern is typical under ‘divide and rule’ concept and this had indirectly influenced the setting and planning of the present street access and transport networks.

Promoting social inclusion in a deregulated environment: Extending accessibility using collective taxi-based services

Bus based public transport has enjoyed revitalisation in many urban areas but outside large towns and cities its provision and quality remains erratic. Many rural settlements have infrequent services giving rise to social exclusion through transport disadvantage.The UK Government highlighted a need in Towards a Sustainable Transport System (2007) for radical new thinking on rural accessibility to help meet goals of quality of life and accessibility for all and to help meet the challenge in finding carbon friendly ways of meeting rural transport needs. This paper reports work undertaken for the Commission for Integrated Transport, an advisory body to UK Government, on how shared taxi-schemes could be developed within a deregulated environment to meet rural accessibility needs. This is based on an analysis of institutional barriers and comparison between successful mainland European schemes and UK schemes. The paper considers economic viability and the levels of subsidy currently used to provide accessibility in rural areas to show the potential for making current expenditure on rural transport in the UK ‘work harder’ to deliver a collective taxi-based service as part of the public transport mix so as to increase rural accessibility.     

基于混沌神经网络的最优路径选择算法

研究车载交通流诱导系统的最优路径选择问题。采用广义路阻的定义,考虑了驾驶员在路径选择中的不同要求,并借助一种具有暂态混沌和时变增益的神经网络(NNTCTG),针对最优路径选择问题设计了神经网络结构,构造了能量函数,提出了一种能够满足不同出行者偏好的最优路径选择算法。所提出的算法具有很多优良特性,即暂态混沌特性和平稳收敛性,能有效地避免传统Hopfield神经网络极易陷入局部极值的缺陷。它通过短暂的倒分叉过程,能很快进入稳定收敛状态。仿真结果表明,NNTCTG求解指定起讫点对之间的最优路径问题时,总能收敛到全局最优,同时具有更高的搜索效率。     

基于地磁的车型识别模糊数据融合方法研究

把由各向异性磁阻传感器检测获得的地磁曲线视为车辆磁偶极模型的映像,通过分析车辆地磁曲线的峰值、峰谷比、峰值时间、谷值时间、车身长等特征的选择和提取,建立相应车型特征向量;然后,依据各类车型特征,应用三角形隶属度函数特征描述和模糊数据融合,提出了一种基于地磁传感器实时数据采集的车辆检测与车型识别流程和车型识别分类算法;最后,通过一组实际采集的车辆检测数据的分类结果,比较了4种模糊数据融合算式的差异,证明了车辆识别分类算法的有效性,并讨论了有待进一步研究的问题。