内河集装箱班轮优先过闸管理模式探讨

文章结合2013年最新出台的《广西壮族自治区船闸管理办法》,以及近期国家关于行政审批制度改革的相关精神和要求,对集装箱班轮优先过闸条款进行探索和研究,分析了集装箱班轮优先过闸面临的主要问题,提出了一套新的市场管理模式,即主要采取企业公开"承诺制",加上"定期、定港、定线、不定船"的管理模式,通过实施"宽进严管",以期在简政放权的同时,能够充分发挥市场作用,促进企业自律,推动内河集装箱班轮运输市场的健康发展。     

The development of a policy for road tax in Turkey, using a genetic algorithm approach for demand estimation

This study deals, first, with estimation of transport demand based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach, and then deals with the evaluation of the road tax system in Turkey. It proposes an alternative road tax policy. The total transport demand is estimated based on population, Gross Domestic Product per Capita (GDPPC), and vehicle-number. Three forms of the Genetic Algorithm Transport Demand Estimation for Tax Revenues (GATDETR) are developed, of which one is linear, and the second and third are exponential forms of the mathematical expressions. The best-fit GATDETR model in terms of total minimum relative average errors between observed and estimated values are selected for future demand estimation. The evaluation of the road tax system and policy proposal is made based on estimated demand. The Distance-Based-Taxation (DBT) system is proposed in order to control highway transport. With the DBT system, some road users may wish to use railway. Thus, we re-organize the railways in order to meet the demand, but this requires new fund. The DBT system may help to create to this fund. It may also help to develop fair-taxation for the road users. Results show that the GA can be used to model transport demand and hence income tax in future transports planning. This study also suggests that planning the taxation in highway transport may help to ease funding problem of railway system.     

公交服务质量指标的选取与量化

有多重运意义。本文介绍了公交服务质量及其8项量化指标,通过对8项指标的对比分析后得出结论,运送速度具营属性,占有较大权重,该指标的选取无论对公交企业而言,还是对乘客而言,均具有重要的现实     

枢纽机场衔接公路网优化理论与方法研究

公路方式是我国枢纽机场与城市衔接的主要交通方式。枢纽机场衔接公路网的优化,能维持该区域客运交通运输网络高效运转,是综合运输体系中的关键技术。我国面临枢纽机场衔接公路网优化理论不完善和经验缺乏的问题。从系统工程角度,分析国内外大型机场地面交通衔接的现状和发展趋势,阐述枢纽机场地面交通衔接集聚特征及集疏运机理,探讨枢纽机场衔接影响因素（制约性、结构性、比例性）和衔接公路网优化准则,提出枢纽机场衔接公路网优化的核心问题和研究方向。     

一种多模式下考虑排放的交通分配模型及其算法研究

讨论了一类考虑排放的、非可加路径费用下的交通分配问题.在Venigalla等人研究的基础上,进一步完善了考虑不同发动机启动模式下考虑排放的交通分配模型,并采用一种基于路径的、非集计的单纯分解算法求解,然后应用到一个网络实例中进行了数值验证.数值计算结果表明,在求最优解的迭代过程中,基于非集计的单纯分解算法比基于F-W算法的收敛速度快,适用于求解非可加路径费用的大规模交通分配问题.     

Changing accessibility, dwelling price and the spatial distribution of socio-economic activities

In this paper we present an activities-location choice model with endogenous price which simulates, based on Expected Random Utility principle, the behaviour of several agents of the urban system (e.g. the workers distinguished by income, the firms by economic sector) to estimate the spatial distribution of socio-economic activities within the study area as well as the impact of differential changes in accessibility on the dwelling price. The study area for this research is the metropolitan area of Napoli (South Italy), for which we show the results of the model estimation and the results of a “backcasting” analysis.     

The development of the TIGRIS XL model: A bottom-up approach to transport, land-use and the economy

The project appraisal method in the Netherlands distinguishes direct effects, indirect distribution effects and indirect generative effects. Transport models are generally available for calculating the benefits of transport projects to travellers as part of the direct effects. The TIGRIS XL model, a Land-Use and Transport Interaction model, adds indirect distribution effects for the housing and labour market, by modelling changes in the spatial distribution of jobs and residents. This paper describes the current TIGRIS XL model and how it can be applied in the evaluation of transport projects. It refers to work done with the TIGRIS XL model to improve the calculation of the direct benefits by applying the so-called ‘logsum’ method. Finally it discusses ideas on how to extend the TIGRIS XL model to address indirect generative effects as well.The current TIGRIS XL model, its integration with the National Model System (the standard tool for the Dutch government to analyse the effects on passenger transport) and basic design principles are the starting point of such an exploration. These design principles include:

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an emphasis on detail, both spatial as well as in socio-economic segments, to account for differences in the availability of choice alternatives and in choice behaviour, and to provide impacts by region and socio-economic group;

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the requirement that the relationships used rest on an empirical foundation.

The post-processing methods proposed on this paper for the calculation of the direct benefits and indirect generative effects are consistent with these design principles. To calculate the indirect generative effects, a post-processing module is proposed which transforms changes in travel times and land-use into agglomeration effects. These agglomeration effects combine several of the generative effects, like scale economies, an increasing variety of products, labour market matches and knowledge spill-over. The effects of changes in the agglomeration indicator on productivity can be estimated with existing data sources, as was demonstrated in the UK (Graham, 2005).     

Financial and environmental impacts of hypothetical Finnish dry port structure

One main theme of European Union’s in transport policy statements has been the increased role of railways in the reducing environmental impacts and costs of transport activity. One option to increase the modal share of rail transport is to utilize the dry port concept, particularly applicable to general cargo. At the Port of Gothenburg (Sweden) use of this concept in combination with rail transport has led to a reduction of CO₂ emissions, and lower transport energy costs. The main objective and motivation of this research work are to examine through analytical models, how this same dry port concept could be implemented in the Finnish transportation network, with estimates of the benefits being gained.The research method of this study is macro gravitational models of distribution. Main input data for the models are distances and population in the area. The approach aims to research, how relative transport costs behave by increasing the number of dry port distribution locations. For the actual computation work the authors apply linear integer programming. Based on the results, the authors argue that relative transport costs can decrease considerably by increasing the number of dry ports, up to the level of six locations. This is considerably less than what is the current situation in Sweden. The found solution also differs from Sweden as the fragmented Finnish seaport system enables using numerous seaports instead of one, which further decreases inland transportation distances and volumes considerably. At the same time forthcoming sulphur emission reduction regulation (for sea transports) might impact the transportation network structure by decreasing sea transport and the number of seaports used. This might lead to a further increase in land-based hinterland transport.     

实行大客户运费集中结算深化铁路大客户战略实施

对2005年铁路大客户工作进行了简要总结,明确了2006年大客户工作目标和重点任务,并对实施集中结算的意义、流程规定、结算系统支撑功能和当前工作进展情况进行了深入阐述和分析,指出全面实行大客户运费集中结算后,将不断深化铁路大客户战略实施,促进路企实现共赢发展。     

新建西安至十堰高速铁路最大坡度研究

新建西安至十堰高速铁路穿越山高沟深、高程落差大的秦岭山脉,沿线地形地质条件复杂,选择经济合理的最大坡度方案,对线路长度、工程规模、建设投资、运营效果、运输能力影响较大。结合规范要求及相邻高速铁路主要技术标准,对翻越秦岭的蓝田至郧西段最大坡度方案进行研究,采用综合分析法、比较法等对20‰,25‰,30‰不同方案进行定性和定量综合论证分析,推荐采用与地形适应好、工程经济优、运输质量高、与路网协调统一的25‰坡度方案。研究结论为本线技术标准选择提供了有力的技术支撑,同时为其他铁路翻越秦岭地段最大坡度选择提供参考。