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排序方式: 共有419条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
91.
采用平面波赝势方法(PAW)和局域密度近似(LDA)的第一性原理方法计算了双甲基脲晶体的电子结构,采用密度矩阵理论计算了双甲基脲晶体的介电函数和倍频系数,并将二阶非线性光学系数谱的特征峰与介电函数光谱结合起来,按单、双光子共振项进行分析.与尿素晶体的光学性质比较分析表明:双甲基脲晶体的线性与非线性光学性质与尿素相似,并... 相似文献
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Estimating a model of dynamic activity generation based on one-day observations: Method and results 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Theo A. Arentze Dick Ettema Harry J.P. Timmermans 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2011,45(2):447-460
In this paper we develop and explore an approach to estimate dynamic models of activity generation on one-day travel-diary data. Dynamic models predict multi-day activity patterns of individuals taking into account dynamic needs as well as day-varying preferences and time-budgets. We formulate an ordered-logit model of dynamic activity-agenda-formation decisions and show how one-day observation probabilities can be derived from the model as a function of the model’s parameters and, with that, how parameters can be estimated using standard loglikelihood estimation. A scale parameter cannot be identified because information on within-person variability is lacking in one-day data. An application of the method to data from a national travel survey illustrates the method. A test on simulated data indicates that, given a pre-set scale, the parameters can be identified and that estimates are robust for a source of heterogeneity not captured in the model. This result indicates that dynamic activity-based models of the kind considered here can be estimated from data that are less costly to collect and that support the large sample sizes typically required for travel-demand modeling. We conclude therefore that the proposed approach opens up a way to develop large-scale dynamic activity-based models of travel demand. 相似文献
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David A. Hensher William H. Greene 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2011,45(7):954-972
In recent years we have seen important extensions of logit models in behavioural research such as incorporation of preference and scale heterogeneity, attribute processing heuristics, and estimation of willingness to pay (WTP) in WTP space. With rare exception, however, a non-linear treatment of the parameter set to allow for behavioural reality, such as embedded risk attitude and perceptual conditioning of occurrence probabilities attached to specific attributes, is absent. This is especially relevant to the recent focus in travel behaviour research on identifying the willingness to pay for reduced travel time variability, which is the source of estimates of the value of trip reliability that has been shown to take on an increasingly important role in project appraisal. This paper incorporates, in a generalised non-linear (in parameters) logit model, alternative functional forms for perceptual conditioning (known as probability weighting) and risk attitude in the utility function to account for travel time variability, and then derives an empirical estimate of the willingness to pay for trip time variability-embedded travel time savings as an alternative to separate estimates of time savings and trip time reliability. We illustrate the richness of the approach using a stated choice data set for commuter choice between unlabelled attribute packages. Statistically significant risk attitude parameters and parameters underlying decision weights are estimated for multinomial logit and mixed multinomial logit models, along with values of expected travel time savings. 相似文献
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This article proposes a maximum-likelihood method to update travel behavior model parameters and estimate vehicle trip chain based on plate scanning. The information from plate scanning consists of the vehicle passing time and sequence of scanned vehicles along a series of plate scanning locations (sensor locations installed on road network). The article adopts the hierarchical travel behavior decision model, in which the upper tier is an activity pattern generation model, and the lower tier is a destination and route choice model. The activity pattern is an individual profile of daily performed activities. To obtain reliable estimation results, the sensor location schemes for predicting trip chaining are proposed. The maximum-likelihood estimation problem based on plate scanning is formulated to update model parameters. This problem is solved by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The model and algorithm are then tested with simulated plate scanning data in a modified Sioux Falls network. The results illustrate the efficiency of the model and its potential for an application to large and complex network cases. 相似文献
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阐述了电解水制氢技术在机动车上的应用研究与改进设计,详细介绍了系统组成、工作原理、主要性能参数、载车综合控制技术的研究设计和关键技术的解决、电解新技术的研究及新工艺的应用等.机动制氢技术已成功应用于我国"神舟"号系列航天飞行试验和"嫦娥一号"绕月工程的气象保障业务,及时检测"发射、回收窗口"的信息,为航天飞行试验提供可靠的气象参数. 相似文献