多传感器信息融合在无人驾驶中的研究综述

多传感器信息融合是无人驾驶感知周围环境信息技术中一项行之有效、必不可缺的关键技术。结合近年来无人驾驶的发展情况,介绍了国内外无人驾驶核心传感器的使用现状,重点对无人驾驶中多传感器核心融合算法的研究进展进行综述,提出多传感器信息融合必将是未来无人驾驶车辆传感器应用的发展方向,而基于机器学习算法的研究则更加重要,并提出一些无人驾驶技术面临的问题。     

城市物流无人机起降点布局规划研究

针对城市物流无人机起降点布局规划问题，考虑不同级别的物流无人机起降点，构建以总经济成本最小和客户满意度最高为目标，以禁飞区、无人机性能、容需匹配等为约束的整数规划模型。设计人类学习优化算法(HLO)，引入随机学习算子、个体学习算子和社会学习算子。在此基础上，基于真实地理信息数据和物流数据设计仿真实验，验证模型与算法有效性。实验结果表明，所建模型可以实现起降点的合理布局规划，适用于大规模资源配置，具备有效性；人类学习优化算法较遗传算法求解精度与收敛速度更优，表现出较佳性能。参数分析表明，基于该仿真环境的最优经济成本权重和客户满意度权重设置为0.4和0.6，最佳算法学习概率参数组合为5/n和 (0.8+2/n)。据此可对城市物流无人机起降点布局规划提供决策依据。     

The influence of attitude towards individuals’ choice for a remotely piloted commercial flight: A latent class logit approach

The Remotely Piloted Commercial Passenger Aircraft Attitude Scale (RPCPAAS) was created to measure positive and negative attitudes towards a new and plausible form of air travel. This information was then used, in combination with a latent class logit model built on data generated from a stated choice experiment to gain insight into the choice behaviour between conventionally piloted aircraft (CPA) with a pilot on-board and remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) with a pilot on the ground. The results revealed that individuals, on-average, if presented a choice between a CPA and a RPA of equivalent attributes, would elect for the CPA option. However, there is variability in the passengers’ sensitivity to various flight attributes, and these sensitivities were influenced by individuals’ attitude towards the new technology (i.e., RPA). From an operational perspective, and assuming that one day passengers of commercial airlines are offered the choice between CPA and RPA, the strategies employed by airlines to encourage the use of the new technology need to be different, based on individuals’ attitude towards RPA.     

Integrated scheduling of m-truck,m-drone,and m-depot constrained by time-window,drop-pickup,and m-visit using constraint programming

The idea of deploying unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as drones, for final-mile delivery in logistics operations has vitalized this new research stream. One conceivable scenario of using a drone in conjunction with a traditional delivery truck to distribute parcels is discussed in earlier literature and termed the parallel drone scheduling traveling salesman problem (PDSTSP). This study extends the problem by considering two different types of drone tasks: drop and pickup. After a drone completes a drop, the drone can either fly back to depot to deliver the next parcels or fly directly to another customer for pickup. Integrated scheduling of multiple depots hosting a fleet of trucks and a fleet of drones is further studied to achieve an operational excellence. A vehicle that travels near the boundary of the coverage area might be more effective to serve customers that belong to the neighboring depot. This problem is uniquely modeled as an unrelated parallel machine scheduling with sequence dependent setup, precedence-relationship, and reentrant, which gives us a framework to effectively consider those operational challenges. A constraint programming approach is proposed and tested with problem instances of m-truck, m-drone, m-depot, and hundred-customer distributed across an 8-mile square region.     

A range-restricted recharging station coverage model for drone delivery service planning

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are attracting significant interest for delivery service of small packages in urban areas. The limited flight range of electric drones powered by batteries or fuel cells requires refueling or recharging stations for extending coverage to a wider area. To develop such service, optimization methods are needed for designing a network of station locations and delivery routes. Unlike ground-transportation modes, however, UAVs do not follow a fixed network but rather can fly directly through continuous space. But, paths must avoid barriers and other obstacles. In this paper, we propose a new location model to support spatially configuring a system of recharging stations for commercial drone delivery service, drawing on literature from planar-space routing, range-restricted flow-refueling location, and maximal coverage location. We present a mixed-integer programming formulation and an efficient heuristic algorithm, along with results for a large case study of Phoenix, AZ to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the model.     

工程施工机械的自动化与无人化技术

叙述了工程施工机械的自动化、无人化控制技术及其在施工机械自动化、无人化作业中的应用，展望了工程施工机械在该领域的研究趋势。     

提高铁路信号施工工艺确保铁路信号系统运行质量

铁路信号施工工艺质量直接关系到铁路运输安全。在施工中通常存在电缆工程、轨旁信号设施与钢轨连接、轨道电路补偿电容的安装及电磁兼容、防雷、接地等方面的问题。针对上述问题,采用结构合理、密封性好、寿命长的免维护型地下电缆接续盒和高精度的专用打孔具;要求室内电缆不出现环状布置,屏蔽要可靠地屏蔽连接或接地。同时提高铁路信号施工行业内对施工工艺重要性的认识,制定完善、具体、统一的施工工艺标准,加强监督管理。     

一种面向科研实验的无人艇

为对无人艇的相关技术进行实船验证研究,在分析科研试验对无人艇系统需求的基础上,设计和实现一种基于以太网的分布式无人艇系统。该系统利用微控制器实现对传感器数据和设备数据的分布式处理,并通过以太网交换机组建数据交换局域网;利用开源通信协议和开源库对系统软件进行开发;详细介绍无人艇系统的具体设计和实现过程。系统测试和实船试验结果表明,所设计和实现的无人艇系统工作稳定,能较好地完成指定任务。     

改良型沥青表处技术研究

调研我国沥青表处的技术现状,对存在的问题进行技术分析后,说明有必要进一步研究。同时,介绍了国外碎石封层的技术要求和应用现状。综合沥青表处和碎石封层技术两者优点,本文提出对我国沥青表处进行技术改良。通过试验路的验证,表明改良型沥青表处适合我国西部县乡道路的材料、设备和施工水平等方面的要求。     

电控机械式自动变速器的发展、现状和展望

电控机械式自动变速器（ＡＭＴ）传动效率高、成本低、易于制造，是在传统变速器和离合器的基础上，应用电子技术和自动变速理论发展起来的。综述了ＡＭＴ的发展、现状及展望，同时着重介绍了我国目前ＡＭＴ技术的研究成果以及存在的一些技术问题。