Validation of an extended discrete first-order model with variable speed limits

This paper validates the prediction model embedded in a model predictive controller (MPC) of variable speed limits (VSLs). The MPC controller was designed based on an extended discrete first-order model with a triangular fundamental diagram. In our previous work, the extended discrete first-order model was designed to reproduce the capacity drop and the propagation of jam waves, and it was validated with reasonable accuracy without the presence of VSLs. As VSLs influence traffic dynamics, the dynamics including VSLs needs to be validated, before it can be applied as a prediction model in MPC. For conceptual illustrations, we use two synthetic examples to show how the model reproduces the key mechanisms of VSLs that are applied by existing VSL control approaches. Furthermore, the model is calibrated by use of real traffic data from Dutch freeway A12, where the field test of a speed limit control algorithm (SPECIALIST) was conducted. In the calibration, the original model is extended by using a quadrangular fundamental diagram which keeps the linear feature of the model and represents traffic states at the under-critical branch more accurately. The resulting model is validated using various traffic data sets. The accuracy of the model is compared with a second-order traffic flow model. The performance of two models is comparable: both models reproduce accurate results matching with real data. Flow errors of the calibration and validation are around 10%. The extended discrete first-order model-based MPC controller has been demonstrated to resolve freeway jam waves efficiently by synthetic cases. It has a higher computation speed comparing to the second-order model-based MPC.     

A study on the stability of a motorcycle wheel–swingarm suspension with chain transmission

The present study describes a possible driving mechanism for a self-excited oscillation observed in motorcycle dynamics, often referred to as chatter. This phenomenon, affecting the performance of road racing motorcycles, has been simulated in straight running braking manoeuvres with multibody motorcycle models. It involves rear suspension bounce and driveline oscillation in the frequency range between 17 and 22?Hz. A simplified model of a motorcycle rear suspension with chain transmission is proposed and its stability in equilibrium configurations is studied via eigenvalue analysis. The sensitivity with respect to all its governing parameters is analysed by means of stability maps and the self-excitation mechanism is explained with the aid of energy balance analysis and phase diagrams. It is found that the key role for the instability onset is played by the gradient of the nonlinear characteristic slip function of the tyre.     

基于波分析法油膜刚度对轴系扭转振动影响的研究

为确保带减速齿轮箱主推进系统的可靠性,文章对船舶轴系的扭转振动进行了研究。首先根据各组成部件的特点将轴系分解为连续和离散的两个子系统,分别利用波分析法和多自由度系统分析法列出连续子系统的波动形式及离散子系统的振动微分方程,同时考虑了减速齿轮箱油膜刚度的影响。然后根据两子系统连接处的动态平衡和连续条件,建立整个轴系在扭转振动模式下总运动方程,通过求解总方程得到系统的位移响应。该扭转振动分析被应用到某LNG船带减速齿轮箱的轴系振动计算中,通过考虑轴系减速齿轮箱啮合齿面间油膜刚度使轴系扭转振动模型更接近轴系实际运转工况。计算结果显示：随着减速齿轮箱啮合齿面间油膜刚度的增加,最大轴系扭转应力向低转速区域偏移。这对船舶轴系转速禁区的划分产生极大的影响。有助于防止因不良轴系振动计算引起轴系事故的发生。     

某磁浮大跨斜拉桥竖向刚度限值研究

以某磁浮轨道交通(40+80+228+228+80+40)m大跨钢箱梁斜拉桥为研究对象,采用有限元软件ANSYS和多体动力学软件UM分别建立桥梁和磁浮列车模型.基于车桥耦合振动方法,针对2列磁浮列车相向行驶并在主跨跨中交会的最不利情形,进行列车以不同速度通过桥梁时不同梁高下车桥系统的动力响应及磁浮大跨桥梁的竖向刚度限值...     

基于计算机模拟的车门下沉刚度改进设计及模态分析

针对某车门下沉刚度问题,提出了提高车门下沉刚度的多种改进设计方案,通过有限元方法对各改进方案进行了变形量和应力计算,经比较分析,得到可行的改进方案。并计算分析了改进后车门的模态特性,为车门的改进设计提供理论依据。     

快速线路轨道刚度合理值的研究

轨道动态几何形位直接对行车安全、轮轨作用力、车辆振动产生影响.轨道动态几何形位的变化与众多因素相关.轨道刚度变化同时影响着轮轨动荷载和轨道动态几何形位的变化.将沪宁线轨检车实测动态不平顺输入动力仿真软件,分别计算不同垂向和横向刚度时的轮轨动轮载和钢轨的垂向、横向动位移,并改变车辆速度和输入不平顺的大小,分析轨道不平顺、轮轨动荷载和钢轨动位移之间的关系.利用正态分布的原则统计不同状态下动轮载和动位移的最大值,分析对比钢轨动态变形和轮轨动荷载随刚度和速度的变化趋势,提出了合理的轨道刚度取值范围,并分析了初始不平顺大小对轨道动态位移的影响.     

汽车背门连接界面等效刚度辨识研究

结合仿真、试验及集成优化技术,提出一种背门连接界面等效刚度的辨识方法。建立背门有限元模型,并对背门连接界面参数进行等效;分别对背门模态进行仿真分析和试验测试,并揭示引起仿真与试验结果差异的原因;通过集成优化技术对连接界面等效刚度进行多目标优化,使背门模态仿真值与试验值相一致。分析结果表明,背门连接界面等效刚度赋值存在偏差,经过参数优化得到合理的赋值,有效提升了仿真分析与试验测试结果的一致性,实现背门连接界面等效刚度从经验赋值提升到基于仿真和测试相结合的精确赋值。     

MatLab在有限元刚度矩阵推导中的应用

MatLab具有强大的符号运算功能.以平面梁单元刚度矩阵为例,详细介绍MatLab在单元刚度矩阵推导中的具体应用,编写了平面梁单元刚度符号运算程序,运算结果与手工推导完全一致,该方法可进一步推广到其它单元甚至到更复杂非线性单元刚度矩阵推导中.     

考虑摩擦滑移的普通板式橡胶支座剪切性能研究

普通板式橡胶支座作为中国量大面广的公路钢筋混凝土梁桥结构体系中的重要支承构件,其力学性能对局部和整体结构的刚度分布和受力变形特点具有一定的影响,甚至影响服役公路桥梁结构的安全性和适应性。因此,针对桥梁服役过程中该类支座普遍存在的滑移、脱空等典型病害特征,研究其不同受力状态下的剪切性能。考虑支座界面接触方式、几何尺寸等参数,设计并进行了6个普通板式橡胶支座的剪切性能试验。对不同参数影响下支座的损伤破坏模式、剪应变-剪应力曲线、支座有效剪切应变及抗剪刚度等参数进行对比分析。进一步应用有限元数值模拟方法,对摩擦滑移下的支座剪切性能进行参数分析,并将其有限元分析结果与普通板式橡胶支座的剪切性能试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明,支座上、下表面的接触摩擦条件可明显影响支座的水平侧移和抗侧力。对于界面摩擦因数较小的情况,卸载后支座摩擦滑动位移不能完全恢复,随着循环加载次数的增加,摩擦滑动位移增幅增大,且支座界面摩擦滑移可降低支座有效剪切变形和抗剪刚度的发挥。0.5,0.7,1.0等效剪切变形下支座的抗剪刚度试验结果、模拟结果与理论计算结果对比表明,试验结果与模拟结果吻合较好,而既有抗剪刚度理论计算结果偏大,且未考虑支座界面摩擦滑移、脱空的影响。因此,在进行实际桥梁结构的力学性能计算时,应考虑不同受力阶段支座力学性能指标的取值。     

某全驱沙漠车悬架侧倾刚度设计研究

以某4x4全驱沙漠车为研究对象,提出了一种简化的整车数学模型,建立了整车侧倾角与板簧、横向稳定杆刚度的函数关系,得到悬架侧倾角刚度对整车侧倾性能的影响。并介绍了横向稳定杆角刚度计算方法,前后悬架侧倾角刚度匹配原则。