On the scattering of test data and the significance of the standard coefficients ‘dynamic stiffness’ and ‘loss angle’ for hydraulic engine mounts

Based on the test results, a study on the scattering of the standard coefficients c _dyn and δ within the test cycles on a standard testing machine as well as within the samples of a batch of hydraulic engine mounts is performed; furthermore, an estimate for the systematic error caused by the testing machine is given. By a simulated example, the pronounced sensitivity of the response of the engine to the scattering of c _dyn and δ as well as to even small deviations of the hysteresis curves for otherwise identical values of the standard coefficients is demonstrated. As a main result, it is found that the most important source of uncertainty is scattering within the batch, which, in conjunction with the observed sensitivity of the response of the engine, raises the question for the meaningful level of sophistication of a model for predictive purposes.     

On vehicle/track impact at connection between a floating slab and ballasted track and floating slab track's effectiveness of force isolation

When a vehicle runs over the connection between a floating slab track (FST) and ballasted track, wheel/rail impact may occur because of the stiffness difference in the two kinds of track, and thus a transition sector is usually included at the connection to smoothen the stiffness change. This phenomenon is studied by numerical simulation using a time-domain model for an idealised case without such a transition to determine whether it is actually necessary. Calculation results show that the wheel/rail impact load is moderate for a light FST and increases with the vehicle speed or decreasing the natural frequency of the FST. From simulation the wheel/rail parametric excitation is observed, as a result of variation in the stiffness of the FST with the period of the single slab length. The wheel/rail load due to the parametric excitation also increases with the vehicle speed. In addition, good performance of vibration isolation can be seen for the FST in terms of the force transmitted to the infrastructure.     

挠度法求残余预应力的试验研究

在役预应力构件的残余预应力是反映构件使用安全状况和承载力的参数,用各种规范的设计公式计算残余预应力都有误差。挠度法的现场检测可以求出在役构件的残余预应力,步骤是测量挠度,求出刚度,然后代入残余预应力与刚度的关系式即可计算出残余预应力。文中列出了测量挠度的方法和步骤,刚度的计算也有详细的过程,还给出了试验构件的残余预应力与刚度的关系式。     

界面污染对沥青小梁疲劳性能的影响研究

为研究层间界面的污染情况对沥青铺面整体使用性能所产生的影响，采用由不同类型混合料复合而成的、含有层间界面的复合沥青小梁，进行抗剪强度试验和四点弯曲疲劳试验，以机油污染和黄土污染作为污染源，调整污染量，用于模拟施工过程中可能存在的污染情况，并对其在不同工况下的层间抗剪强度及整体疲劳寿命进行测定。试验结果表明：（1）就各类影响层间抗剪强度因素的敏感性而言，机油污染的敏感性要高于黄土污染；（2）同等试验条件下，随着污染量的增加，复合小梁的疲劳寿命显著减小，一定程度后逐渐趋于稳定；（3）在相同污染量工况下，机油对于层间粘结性能的影响要大于黄土污染对其产生的影响；（4）就弯曲劲度模量损失量而言，当污染量达到一定程度后，复合小梁的层间粘结性就会丧失。     

基于遗传算法的盾构隧道管片接头刚度反演研究北大核心CSCD

梁-弹簧模型在管片衬砌结构计算中应用较广泛,目前接头刚度取值方法主要有模型试验法及经验取值法,模型试验法耗时长、成本高昂,而依据经验取值难免存在一定主观性。鉴于此,利用C++编程语言,基于遗传算法开发了盾构隧道管片结构位移反分析程序,首先通过弹性模量值反演算例,得出反演值与理论值误差为1.4%,验证了算法和程序的可行性。利用程序将反演接头刚度值与实际设计案例管片接头刚度值进行对比,反演计算结果表明:正弯矩下管片环向接头转动刚度值反演误差为2.6%,负弯矩下管片环向接头转动刚度值反演误差为4.3%。     

沉管隧道横向地基刚度分布模式初探

为解决沉管结构横向设计计算中的地基刚度取值问题,基于HS本构模型,通过理论推导研究地基刚度随应力水平的变化关系,得出沉管隧道横向地基刚度分布的近似解析解。结果表明： 1)沉管横向地基刚度分布模式与地基初始刚度、结构刚度、地基应力水平和上部荷载有关; 2)在软弱地基情况下,沉管横向地基刚度为W形分布模式; 坚硬地基情况下,底板跨中可能会与地基发生局部脱开,脱开段地基刚度为水平分布; 3)通过算例分析,地基刚度分布近似解析解与数值模拟结果能够较好地吻合,可为沉管结构计算提供依据。     

Locomotive dynamic performance under traction/braking conditions considering effect of gear transmissions

Traction or braking operations are usually applied to trains or locomotives for acceleration, speed adjustment, and stopping. During these operations, gear transmission equipment plays a very significant role in the delivery of traction or electrical braking power. Failures of the gear transmissions are likely to cause power loses and even threaten the operation safety of the train. Its dynamic performance is closely related to the normal operation and service safety of the entire train, especially under some emergency braking conditions. In this paper, a locomotive–track coupled vertical–longitudinal dynamics model is employed with considering the dynamic action from the gear transmissions. This dynamics model enables the detailed analysis and more practical simulation on the characteristics of power transmission path, namely motor–gear transmission–wheelset–longitudinal motion of locomotive, especially for traction or braking conditions. Multi-excitation sources, such as time-varying mesh stiffness and nonlinear wheel–rail contact excitations, are considered in this study. This dynamics model is then validated by comparing the simulated results with the experimental test results under braking conditions. The calculated results indicate that involvement of gear transmission could reveal the load reduction of the wheelset due to transmitted forces. Vibrations of the wheelset and the motor are dominated by variation of the gear dynamic mesh forces in the low speed range and by rail geometric irregularity in the higher speed range. Rail vertical geometric irregularity could also cause wheelset longitudinal vibrations, and do modulations to the gear dynamic mesh forces. Besides, the hauling weight has little effect on the locomotive vibrations and the dynamic mesh forces of the gear transmissions for both traction and braking conditions under the same running speed.     

非粘结柔性立管静态分析

海洋柔性立管因材料和结构上的复杂性在设计分析中存在许多技术难题。本文在变形能原理和能量守恒的基础上,推导出了柔性立管各层的刚度矩阵。将各层刚度矩阵进行叠加,得到柔性立管总体刚度矩阵,并用总体刚度矩阵求解静载荷作用下立管变形响应。同时基于ABAQUS软件建立八层非粘结柔性立管有限元模型,并将有限元计算结果和刚度矩阵计算结果进行比较。结果分析表明：运用推导得到的刚度矩阵求解静态载荷下立管的变形是一种简便且准确的方法。     

船用柴油发电机组刚性连接方式的比较

利用有限元软件建立了船用柴油发电机组环形连接件和公共底座三维简化实体模型,通过模态计算,比较了两种连接件模态振型的频率、变形量和刚度,分析了环形连接件和公共底座在工程应用中的异同,并结合各自特点阐述了它们在工程领域的应用范围,为船用柴油发电机组的成套设计、制造和选型提供了参考。     

轿车车门安装件的力学性能分析

国内在轿车车门的设计过程中出现很多问题,尤其是车门铰链、车门安装点等安装件的性能,大大影响了车门的机械性能、声品质。分析车门安装件的性能、提高其力学性能是主机厂十分关注的问题。本文阐述了车门安装件的结构及其性能要求,然后应用计算机辅助分析对车门铰链、车门安装点进行了力学分析。本文的研究方法对于车门安装件的力学分析有参考作用。