Support condition monitoring of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines in layered soil based on model updating

Monopile-supported offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are dynamically sensitive structures whose fundamental frequencies may be close to those of environmental and turbine-related excitations. The changes in fundamental frequencies caused by pile-soil interaction (PSI) may result in unwanted resonance and serious O&M (Operation and Maintenance) issues, which have been identified as major challenges in the research field. Therefore, a novel model updating framework with an implicit objective function is proposed to monitor both the stiffness and damping variation of the OWT system based on the measured vibration characteristics, which is further verified by laboratory tests. In particular, layered soil was considered in the tests to simulate the practical soil conditions of Chinese seas. Different pile lengths were introduced to consider the long-term PSI effects for rigid piles and slender piles. The results showed that the variation in the fundamental frequency is significantly reduced in layered soil compared with the pure sand scenario. For the OWT systems in layered soil, the variation in foundation stiffness is negatively related to the burial depth under cyclic loading. The proposed model updating framework is proven reliable for support condition monitoring of OWT systems in complicated soil conditions.     

基于有限元分析的桥墩钢模的结构优化分析

以某特大桥桥墩混凝土施工中钢模板设计为背景，结合Midas Civil有限元分析软件建模仿真分析该钢模板在混凝土侧压力作用下的各构件受力，通过改变对拉杆刚度、对拉杆位置来确定钢模板整体结构的最优受力，结果表明：在一定的对拉杆刚度情况下，合理的对拉杆位置对结构整体受力有着很大的提升；增加对拉杆刚度可以加强结构受力，但该过程不是无止境的增加，而是非线性的，增加到一定刚度情况下结构受力达到一个相对稳固状态；同时提出一些在钢模板设计和检算中的主要问题并提出改善建议。     

船用变频电缆敷设仿真

为研究船用变频电缆的磁场分布和温升情况,建立变频电缆的二维截面模型,利用有限元软件对在正常工况和缺相运行工况下的周围磁场和热损耗进行仿真计算。磁场仿真结果表明,在不同工况下,变频电缆500 mm远处的低频磁场对船体的磁化作用较小,其磁通密度也不会超过标准规定的人员安全限值。自然对流散热仿真结果表明,系统在缺相故障发生时,非故障相电流升高,变频电缆温度会超过85℃的温度限值,此时电机和供电电缆均需要合理的控制和保护策略,并应该加强通风。     

Modelling upheaval buckling in marine buried pipelines by coupling the shear stresses and soft soil stiffness

Buried marine pipelines employed in the Oil & Gas industry are subjected to pressure and temperature gradients, which cand produce local high compression loads leading to the onset of upheaval buckling failure. Upheaval buckling occurs when the localized stresses across the pipeline are high enough to induce constant deformation due to the low soil restriction in the upward direction. Therefore, models to predict upheaval buckling in buried marine pipes caused by high pressure and high temperature (HP/HT) and soil stiffness have been developed based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBT). However, this theory does not consider stresses and strains due to shear stresses which can play an important role in upheaval buckling failure. Therefore, in this work an analytical model that takes into account Engesser-Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) and considers the shear effects on pipelines was developed to predict upheaval buckling in buried marine pipelines. Furthermore, equations that govern vertical buckling of buried pipelines considering a plastic soil with initial imperfection were considered. Analytical results were compared with finite element models of buried pipeline and other models reported in the literature, and it was observed that analytical results fall in the range of those reposted in the literature. It was also observed that the incorporation of shear stresses in buried marine pipelines has low effect on upheaval buckling onset and propagation, but the soil stiffness has a strong influence on upheaval failure in buried marine pipelines.     

面向刚度设计的 GFRP 和 VRB/GFRP 混合层合板应变能密度分布研究

针对 VRB/GFRP混合结构刚度优化设计复杂而耗时这一问题，利用有限元法分析了 GFRP铺层角度和铺层数量、VRB厚度分布形式对两种层合板刚度特性及各组分应变能密度分布的影响规律。研究结果表明，应变能密度越小能表征更好的刚度性能；抗弯与抗凹工况下，采用# （0/90） 铺层角度、增加 GFRP铺层数量以及 VRB采用 0.9-1.8-0.9 mm 的厚度分布形式时，VRB/GFRP层合板各组分的应变能密度分布更加均匀，从而获得更好的刚度性能。     

聚乙烯塑料排水管道的选用方法简析

塑料管道以其良好的耐腐蚀性及防渗性能在市政排水中运用得越来越广泛。但由于塑料管道的结构计算为管土共同作用,相对于其它刚性管道较为特殊,考虑因素较多,且无图集可供选用,导致很多设计人员对塑料管道的选用无从下手,很难分清影响管道安全的主要因素。现通过大量的计算对塑料管道适用覆土范围进行总结,并提出选用应考虑的主要因素,以方便设计人员在保证结构安全的前提下,经济合理地选用塑料管道。