The influences of past and present residential locations on vehicle ownership decisions

This study explores the relationship between historical exposure to the built environment and current vehicle ownership patterns. The influence of past exposure to the built environment on current vehicle ownership decisions may be causal, but there are alternative explanations. Households may primarily select to live in neighborhoods that facilitate their vehicle ownership preferences, or they may retain preferences that they have developed in the past, irrespective of their current situations. This study seeks to control for these alternative explanations by including the built environment attributes of households’ past residences as an influence on vehicle ownership choices. We use a dataset from a credit reporting firm that contains up to nine previous residential ZIP codes for households currently living in the 13-county Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan area. Results show that past location is significant, but of marginal influence relative to the attributes of the current location. From a practical perspective, our results suggest that models that include current but not past neighborhood attributes (also controlling for standard socioeconomic variables) can forecast vehicle ownership decisions reasonably well. However, models that include both current and past neighborhood attributes can provide a more nuanced understanding of the built environment’s potentially causal influences on vehicle ownership decisions. This better understanding may provide more realistic forecasts of responses to densification or other travel demand management strategies.     

Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions

A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety.     

Extending Time to Collision for probabilistic reasoning in general traffic scenarios

Vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems allow vehicles to share state information with one another to improve safety and efficiency of transportation networks. One of the key applications of such a system is in the prediction and avoidance of collisions between vehicles. If a method to do this is to succeed it must be robust to measurement uncertainty and to loss of communication links. The method should also be general enough that it does not rely on constraints on vehicle motion for the accuracy of its predictions. It should work for all interactions between vehicles and not just a select subset. This paper presents a method to calculate Time to Collision for unconstrained vehicle motion. This metric is gated using a novel technique based on relative vehicle motion that we call “looming”. Finally, these ideas are integrated into a probabilistic framework that accounts for uncertainty in vehicle state and loss of vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Together this work represents a new way of considering vehicle collision estimation. These algorithms are validated on data collected from real world vehicle trials.     

A practice-ready relocation model for free-floating carsharing systems with electric vehicles – Mesoscopic approach and field trial results

This paper introduces a relocation model for free-floating Carsharing (FFCS) systems with conventional and electric vehicles (EVs). In case of imbalances caused by one-way trips, the approach recommends profit maximizing vehicle relocations. Unlike existing approaches, two types of relocations are distinguished: inter zone relocations moving vehicles between defined macroscopic zones of the operating area and intra zone relocations moving vehicles within such zones. Relocations are combined with the unplugging and recharging of EVs and the refueling of conventional vehicles. In addition, remaining pure service trips are suggested. A historical data analysis and zone categorization module enables the calculation of target vehicle distributions. Unlike existing approaches, macroscopic optimization steps are supplemented by microscopic rule-based steps. This enables relocation recommendations on the individual vehicle level with the exact GPS coordinates of the relocation end positions. The approach is practice-ready with low computational times even for large-scale scenarios.To assess the impact of relocations on the system’s operation, the model is applied to a FFCS system in Munich, Germany within three real world field tests. Test three shows the highest degree of automation and represents the final version of the model. Its evaluation shows very promising results. Most importantly, the profit is increased by 5.8% and the sales per vehicle by up to 10%. The mean idle time per trip end is decreased by 4%.     

浅析构造物台背处理技术

通过对桥头跳车现象的产生机理及其危害的分析,结合实际工作经验,提出防治措施,并对此防治措施展开探讨。     

桥头跳车的病害原因及防治措施

较详细的分析了桥头跳车病害产生的的原因,并提出了相应的防治措施。     

基于Fisk运量随机配流的交通信息最优发布水平确定研究

本文借助Fisk运量随机配流模型建立一个简单二层规划模型来研究交通信息的最优发布水平，通过模型分析得出一些重要结论。在非拥挤交通网络中，信息发布不产生外部效果，信息系统应发布全部信息；在严重拥挤的交通网络中，产生正的外部效果，信息系统应发布全部信息；在一般拥挤网络中，可能产生正的外部效果，也可能产生负的外部效果，应根据具体情况选择合适的信息发布水平。     

语境在言语交际中对信息传递的影响

语境是言语交际理论中的一个基本概念，言语交际是一个认知过程，其交际的效果与言语主体对语境因素的认知程度有关。语境在交际中对言语信息传递起重要作用。本文对言语交际过程中常见的语境进行总结归类，并分析了语境对话语信息传递的影响，为合理利用语境使话语信息传递准确、畅通提供理论帮助。     

公路隧道开挖及其监控量测

总结和探讨了隧道建设者们在遭遇各类恶劣地质灾害时,如何运用先进的动态反馈设计与信息化施工手段,尤其重视监控量测及超前地质预报的作用,创造性地提出和灵活应用各种新方法、新工艺,安全、快速、优质地完成隧道建设。     

基于电子警察技术的城市外地车关网收费系统

本文针对由于目前城市对外地车进城收费的收费站布局不太合理,不能起到全面收费的作用,从而对主要道路交通顺畅带来负面影响的情况,将电子警察这一城市道路交通管理的高技术手段,与外地车进入城市的缴费系统设计有机的结合起来,提出在城市外地车收费方面采用基于电子警察技术的城市外地车联网收费系统的设计方法,对其中保障该系统正常、高效工作的联网收费、车牌自动识别等关键技术进行了详细的分析。从而把电子警察技术的应用拓展到城市交通收费领域。