Is the provision of park-and-ride facilities at light rail stations an effective approach to reducing vehicle kilometers traveled in a US context?

Park-and-Ride (PNR) facilities are a commonly used means of making a transit system more widely available. However, given that a PNR passenger must drive for part of the trip, this approach to transit provision has an ambiguous influence on vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT). The impact of PNR on VKT is highly dependent of how PNR users would choose to travel if the PNR facilities were not available. Given that this issue has received little attention in a US context, we use the light rail system in Charlotte, North Carolina as a case study to examine the potential impact of PNR removal on VKT. Using a travel survey of PNR passengers, we estimate the VKT currently generated while driving to and from the rail stations and then estimate how VKT would change under various PNR removal scenarios that assume different behavioral responses. We find that, under the most realistic scenarios, PNR removal would lead the average PNR passenger to increase her driving by 8–15 VKT per round trip.     

Marginal costs of freeway traffic congestion with on-road pollution exposure externality

The health cost of on-road air pollution exposure is a component of traffic marginal costs that has not previously been assessed. The main objective of this paper is to introduce on-road pollution exposure as an externality of traffic, particularly important during traffic congestion when on-road pollution exposure is highest. Marginal private and external cost equations are developed that include on-road pollution exposure in addition to time, fuel, and pollution emissions components. The marginal external cost of on-road exposure includes terms for the marginal vehicle’s emissions, the increased emissions from all vehicles caused by additional congestion from the marginal vehicle, and the additional exposure duration for all travelers caused by additional congestion from the marginal vehicle. A sensitivity analysis shows that on-road pollution exposure can be a large portion (18%) of marginal social costs of traffic flow near freeway capacity, ranging from 4% to 38% with different exposure parameters. In an optimal pricing scenario, excluding the on-road exposure externality can lead to 6% residual welfare loss because of sub-optimal tolls. While regional pollution generates greater costs in uncongested conditions, on-road exposure comes to dominate health costs on congested freeways because of increased duration and intensity of exposure. The estimated marginal cost and benefit curves indicate a theoretical preference for price controls to address the externality problem. The inclusion of on-road exposure costs reduces the magnitudes of projects required to cover implementation costs for intelligent transportation system (ITS) improvements; the net benefits of road-pricing ITS systems are increased more than the net benefits of ITS traffic flow improvements. When considering distinct vehicle classes, inclusion of on-road exposure costs greatly increases heavy-duty vehicle marginal costs because of their higher emissions rates and greater roadway capacity utilization. Lastly, there are large uncertainties associated with the parameters utilized in the estimation of health outcomes that are a function of travel pollution intensity and duration. More research is needed to develop on-road exposure modeling tools that link repeated short-duration exposure and health outcomes.     

未开放代码整车系统间BOM传递方案研究及应用

整车企业系统之间,因为底层代码不开放,数据结构逻辑未知等困难,无法实现精准对接。致力于通过大数据分析,数据结构排列组合等方法,验证出未开放系统的底层数据逻辑,实现数据关键字段管理。得出工程数据系统关键字段,不仅包含业务信息,还存在内核字段的结论。在无法获知底层封装代码的情况下,找到一条系统间从数据本身研究数据底层逻辑结构的有效论证和系统开发方法,建立精准变更对接管理规则,实现数据快速准确传递。     

汽车远程智能控制的研究

为满足人们对汽车更加智能化,人性化的需求,基于全球定位系统(GPS),人工智能技术以及智能手机控制技术等实现汽车的远程智能控制。文章将从国内外汽车智能控制发展现状,汽车远程智能控制如何实现,需要运用的技术点出发进行阐述,如何实现对汽车远程智能控制,以及实现汽车远程智能化控制后带来的便利进行描述。文章主要从汽车如何实现远程智能控制相关技术问题,以及其优缺点和未来发展前景。充分展现人工智能时代带来的便利,促进汽车自动驾驶的时代的到来。     

车辆阻力对站线坡度设计的影响研究

根据车辆所受基本阻力、曲线阻力、坡道阻力、风阻力、道岔阻力,建立车辆单位基本阻力模型及数学表达式,运用车辆参数及风阻力参数,对车辆相关状态进行分析计算,研究表明:线路纵坡即使为平坡,亦存在溜逸安全隐患,必须采取措施才能保证安全;对《站规》站线纵坡标准,进行安全评估,提出利用停车顶改善车辆停放状态的措施意见及计算办法;利用减速顶做功耗能可以提高装车线线路纵坡,从而满足定量快速装车或轨道衡计量系统的技术要求,为线路纵坡设计提供依据,拓宽站场调速设备应用领域,创新工程设计方法,为工程综合优化设计提供理论基础,供设计分析及计算参考。     

Investigations of vehicle securing without lashings for Ro-Ro ships

To reduce the area on deck occupied by each car and the labour and time required for lashing and unlashing cars, it has been proposed by the author that in some conditions, cars on decks could be transported without lashing. To evaluate cargo securing based on this “lashing-free” concept, computational code was developed to calculate the vehicle–deck interactions for various ship motions. The code was structured by incorporating a vehicle model into a piece of ship motion calculation code. A series of time-domain simulations were conducted to evaluate vehicle securing. It was found that for a target ship consisting of a 6000-unit Ro-Ro vessel, vehicle securing is mainly influenced by the ship's rolling motions and is highly dependent on the wave height and loading conditions. It was suggested from the analysis that vehicles could be secured without being lashed in a large area of the ship in specific weather conditions and on some routes with less adverse sea states. However, it is still suggested that conventional lashing holes should be constructed on the deck because in severe sea states the cars will still need to be lashed. The limitations of the current investigations are also presented. The relevant research work was carried out at the Division of Ship Design and Engineering, Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology.     

顶推船队耐波性试验研究

介绍顶推船队耐波性试验,测量不同航速、不同浪向角对应的驳船和推轮纵摇角、横摇角、重心处垂向加速度和升沉幅值、驳船连接装置处垂向加速度,并对结果进行分析。     

青岛现代化城市建设中航运发展的对策思考

加快发展青岛航运业是尽快把青岛建成现代化国际城市的重要组成部分，两者相辅相成。该文根据青岛航运业的发展状况、发展潜力以及航运在青岛城市建设中所起的作用，提出了加快青岛航运的一些有可操作的合理化建议，这些建议对青岛加快迈向现代化国际城市步伐有促进作用。     

车辆—轨道系统高中低频动力学模型的理论特征及其应用范围的研究

针对铁路在提速和高速发展中碰到的车辆—轨道系统的结构磨损加剧、关键部件疲劳破坏和噪声等问题,提出必须进行车辆—轨道系统高中低频范围的动力学模型研究。根据激扰的差异及其波长范围,针对车辆—轨道系统动力学在低频、中频和高频3个范围内存在问题的性质,建立符合研究要求的车辆模型、轨道模型和轮轨接触模型,并采用合理的数学方法求解。认为以车辆—轨道系统的频率特征为基础,进行完整的车辆—轨道系统动力学研究,可以有效研究车辆—轨道系统的短时动力学和长期行为之间的关系。     

汽车碰撞试验台动力学模型建立与分析

汽车碰撞试验已经成为我国强制性法规试验检测项目,而汽车碰撞试验台的动力特性是进行试验台能力设计、弹射过程控制、速度控制等的基础。本文分析了基于橡皮绳储能介质的汽车碰撞弹射试验台,建立充分考虑橡皮绳质量、摩擦系数、车辆质量、旋转质量因素和空气阻力等影响因子的试验台动力学模型,并经试验得到很好的验证,并提出基于过程动力特性方程的控制算法,所得结论可为同类试验台架系统设计和提高过程控制提供理论参考。