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31.
车辆行驶工况滚动阻力系数的测定 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
分析了车辆滚动阻力系数的影响因素,论述了车辆行驶速度对滚阻力系数的影响。依据车辆行驶的功率平衡原理,提出了滚动阻力系数的测试方法及测试时应注意的问题。并对实车测试值与经验公式估算值进行了比较。 相似文献
32.
非自由液化场地地基动力性能大型振动台模型试验研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
基于1∶10模型大型振动台试验,研究非自由液化场地的地基动力性能。液化场地条件下,与自由场地基相比,非自由场地地基的自振频率明显加大、动力耗能作用提高较小。土层液化前且在小震输入下,地基动力变形的线性特征较突出,主要表现为对地震波的动力放大作用,加速度反应自下而上逐渐增大;土层完全液化后,地基加速度反应自下而上也逐渐增大,这是由于液化地基的层间剪切运动加快且加快的速率自下而上逐渐增大所致。地基孔压变化主要受两方面因素影响:一是随埋深减小,孔压减小,但孔压比增大;二是离桩距离越近,孔压和孔压比越大。土层液化前,输入波主要峰值过后,自下而上孔压消散逐渐减慢。较大震输入下,自下而上孔压有减小的趋势,但最大孔压比均很快达到液化孔压比;输入波主要峰值过后,孔压消散很缓慢,尤其是孔压消散随埋深减小越来越慢。试验中还出现瞬时负孔压的有趣现象,这也许是由于可液化土层发生瞬时膨胀作用所致。 相似文献
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Fuzzy-logic applied to yaw moment control for vehicle stability 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
B. L. Boada M. J. L. Boada V. Dí az 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2005,43(10):753-770
In this paper, we propose a new yaw moment control based on fuzzy logic to improve vehicle handling and stability. The advantages of fuzzy methods are their simplicity and their good performance in controlling non-linear systems. The developed controller generates the suitable yaw moment which is obtained from the difference of the brake forces between the front wheels so that the vehicle follows the target values of the yaw rate and the sideslip angle. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method when the vehicle is subjected to different cornering steering manoeuvres such as change line and J-turn under different driving conditions (dry road and snow-covered). 相似文献
37.
This paper introduces a rolling horizon algorithm to plan the delivery of vehicles to automotive dealers by a heterogeneous fleet of auto-carriers. The problem consists in scheduling the deliveries over a multiple-day planning horizon during which requests for transportation arrive dynamically. In addition, the routing of the auto-carriers must take into account constraints related to the loading of the vehicles on the carriers. The objective is to minimize the sum of traveled distances, fixed costs for auto-carrier operation, service costs, and penalties for late deliveries. The problem is solved by a heuristic that first selects the vehicles to be delivered in the next few days and then optimizes the deliveries by an iterated local search procedure. A branch-and-bound search is used to check the feasibility of the loading. To handle the dynamic nature of the problem, the complete algorithm is applied repeatedly in a rolling horizon framework. Computational results on data from a major European logistics service provider show that the heuristic is fast and yields significant improvements compared to the sequential solution of independent daily problems. 相似文献
38.
The role of residential self-selection has become a major subject in the debate over the relationships between the built environment and travel behavior. Numerous previous empirical studies on this subject have provided valuable insights into the associations between the built environment and travel behavior. However, the vast majority of the studies were conducted in North American and European cities; yet this research is still in its infancy in most developing countries, including China, where residential and transport choices are likely to be more constrained and travel-related attitudes quite different from those in the developed world. Using the data collected from 2038 residents currently living in TOD neighborhoods and non-TOD neighborhoods in Shanghai City, this paper aims to partly fill the gaps by investigating the causal relationship between the built environment and travel behavior in the Chinese context. More specifically, this paper employs Heckman’s sample selection model to examine the reduction impacts of TOD on personal vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT), controlling for self-selection. The results show that whilst the effects of residential self-selection are apparent; the built environment exhibits the most significant impacts on travel behavior, playing the dominant role. These findings produce a sound basis for local policymakers to better understand the nature and magnitude toward the impacts of the built environment on travel behavior. Providing the government department with reassurance that effective interventions and policies on land use aimed toward altering the built environment would actually lead to meaningful changes in travel behavior. 相似文献
39.
Locating emergency vehicles with an approximate queuing model and a meta-heuristic solution approach
In this paper, the location of emergency service (ES) vehicles is studied on fully connected networks. Queuing theory is utilized to obtain the performance metrics of the system. An approximate queuing model the (AQM) is proposed. For the AQM, different service rate formulations are constructed. These formulations are tested with a simulation study for different approximation levels. A mathematical model is proposed to minimize the mean response time of ES systems based on AQM. In the model, multiple vehicles are allowed at a single location. The objective function of the model has no closed form expression. A genetic algorithm is constructed to solve the model. With the help of the genetic algorithm, the effect of assigning multiple vehicles on the mean response time is reported. 相似文献
40.
With trajectory data, a complete microscopic and macroscopic picture of traffic flow operations can be obtained. However, trajectory data are difficult to observe over large spatiotemporal regions—particularly in urban contexts—due to practical, technical and financial constraints. The next best thing is to estimate plausible trajectories from whatever data are available. This paper presents a generic data assimilation framework to reconstruct such plausible trajectories on signalized urban arterials using microscopic traffic flow models and data from loops (individual vehicle passages and thus vehicle counts); traffic control data; and (sparse) travel time measurements from whatever source available. The key problem we address is that loops suffer from miss- and over-counts, which result in unbounded errors in vehicle accumulations, rendering trajectory reconstruction highly problematic. Our framework solves this problem in two ways. First, we correct the systematic error in vehicle accumulation by fusing the counts with sparsely available travel times. Second, the proposed framework uses particle filtering and an innovative hierarchical resampling scheme, which effectively integrates over the remaining error distribution, resulting in plausible trajectories. The proposed data assimilation framework is tested and validated using simulated data. Experiments and an extensive sensitivity analysis show that the proposed method is robust to errors both in the model and in the measurements, and provides good estimations for vehicle accumulation and vehicle trajectories with moderate sensor quality. The framework does not impose restrictions on the type of microscopic models used and can be naturally extended to include and estimate additional trajectory attributes such as destination and path, given data are available for assimilation. 相似文献