基于车辆轴型分类的公路货运车辆运营成本研究

针对目前公路货运车辆运营成本分析中车型分类与装载量确定方法的不足,提出了基于车辆轴型分类的运营成本研究模式,在按轴型划分的交通量和轴载调查的基础上通过建立轴载分布模型确定分析车型与其装载量,并根据政府政策和车辆装载量的影响程度分类统计分析车型的单位运营成本。使用安徽省调查数据推导出了公路货运车辆运营成本与装载量之间的经验公式。结果表明:该省公路货运车辆的平均单位运营成本在0.253-0.756元/t·km之间,与市场运价基本一致。     

基于虚拟驾驶轨迹的高速公路安全评价

汽车驾驶模拟器能准确记录在虚拟道路上行驶的驾驶轨迹。为了研究驾驶员对未建成高速公路的客观反应数据,本文提出通过研究超速状态下的汽车驾驶轨迹来评价高速公路安全性的方法。通过选取不同职业、性别和熟练程度的驾驶员进行实验,对他们在模拟器上的驾驶轨迹进行研究表明:驾驶轨迹分散、混乱、相互交叉频繁、波动幅度大的路段安全隐患较大,与高速公路实际事故数据相比结果基本一致。     

Design of a rollover index-based vehicle stability control scheme

This paper presents a rollover index (RI)-based vehicle stability control (VSC) scheme. A rollover index, which indicates an impending rollover, is developed by a roll dynamics phase plane analysis. A model-based roll estimator is designed to estimate the roll angle and roll rate of the vehicle body with lateral acceleration, yaw rate, steering angle and vehicle velocity measurements. The rollover index is computed using an estimated roll angle, estimated roll rate, measured lateral acceleration and time-to-wheel lift. A differential braking control law is designed using a direct yaw control method. The VSC threshold is determined from the rollover index. The effectiveness of the RI, the performance of the estimator and the control scheme are investigated via simulations using a validated vehicle simulator. It is shown that the proposed RI can be a good measure of the danger of rollover and the proposed RI-based VSC scheme can reduce the risk of a rollover.     

Discomfort from feeling vehicle vibration

Vehicle refinement should include a consideration of the discomfort likely to be caused by vibration. This paper reviews the measurement, the evaluation, and the assessment of vehicle vibration felt by drivers and passengers.

The feeling of vibration that gives rise to judgements of vibration discomfort can be predicted using evaluation procedures that take into account human sensitivity to different magnitudes, frequencies, directions, and durations of vibration. The evaluation methods make it possible to optimise vehicles via dynamic modelling before the production of prototypes and they assist the testing and optimisation of prototypes and production vehicles.

Vibration evaluation provides imperfect predictions of discomfort when driver or passenger opinion is influenced by factors other than the vibration that is being measured and evaluated. Vibration evaluation can detect changes that are not detectable subjectively since smaller changes can be detected by measurement and evaluation than by subjective assessment.     

汽车侧面碰撞假人应用分析

汽车侧面碰撞假人是汽车侧面碰撞试验中一项重要的测试工具。它模仿人的外形和内部结构,用于研究汽车侧面碰撞对车内驾乘人员的损伤情况。文章对汽车侧面碰撞用假人进行了介绍,通过对不同时期的侧面碰撞用假人的生物性能分析,指出目前在我国进行的侧面碰撞强制性试验中,所使用的侧面碰撞用假人的特点及其存在的缺陷,通过对世界目前应用中的不同类型的侧面碰撞假人的比较分析,提出适合中国情况的侧面碰撞试验用假人。     

车用压燃式发动机可见污染物排放统计研究

本文研究了车用压燃式发动机全负荷稳定转速和自由加速试验可见污染物排放之间的关系。采用不透光仪对19种型号188台样机进行了可见污染物试验。在大量的试验数据基础上，用数学统计的方法，对试验数据进行线性回归、相关系数和方差分析来研究两种可见污染物之间的内在联系，获得了一些有意义的信息和结果。     

基于GPS、GIS与GSM开发车辆监控调度系统的研究

论述了基于GPS、GIS与GSM开发车辆监控调度系统的主要内容与关键技术，包括车载GPS定位数据处理、GIS中用于车辆监控调度的电子地图的制作方法、数据通信等。最后结合实际开发工作给出了实现系统主要功能的编程思路。     

SX360自卸车车架异常断裂原因分析

建立了以板单元为基本单元的SX360车架有限元分析模型，利用有限元分析软件ALGOR FEAX对其进行了静态、自由振动和随机振动分析，并进行了实验测试，有限元分析结果和实验结果与车架在实际使用中出现的车架异常断裂情况相吻合，实验测试数据验证了计算的正确性。找出了该车架裂纹过早出现的原因，并给出了对该种车架结构改造的方法，实际改造结果表明改造方法是非常有效的。     

主要类型可控悬架的原理简介及发展

悬架是车辆的一个重要组成部分，对于车辆的乘坐舒适性，操纵稳定性等性能有很大影响，因此，一些能够根据汽车行驶的路面、工况和工荷等情况来控制自身工作状态，使汽车的整体行驶性能达到最佳的可控悬架系统得到了人们的广泛关注和发展，中对不同悬架系统的结构和原理进行了介绍，并对目前悬架设计中存在的问题和研究的方向进行了总结。     

Evaluation of transit operations: data applications of Tri-Met's automated Bus Dispatching System

In this paper, archived Automatic Vehicle Location and Automatic Passenger Counter data are used to evaluate actual bus running time variation in relation to scheduled service for Tri-Met, the transit provider for the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. Given observed variation in running times, scheduled recovery times are found to be generally (though not universally) excessive. This results in an under-investment of resources in revenue service relative to non-revenue service. Analysis of trip level data reveals that bus operators are an important source of running time variation after controlling for such factors as route design, time of day and direction of service, and passenger activity.